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991.
考察了3种不同硅铝比的ZSM-5沸石分子筛(25H、38H和50H,25、38和50为硅铝比)对水中Cu2+的吸附过程及其影响因素。结果表明,3种材料均能有效吸附去除水中Cu2+离子,动力学符合假二阶动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式。3种材料吸附速率及吸附容量顺序为:25H〉50H〉38H,其中,25H最大吸附容量达到12.83mg/g。投加量由0.8g/L增加至2.0g/L,材料对Cu2+吸附去除率由87.0%增加至97.5%。考察水中常见阳离子对吸附的干扰作用,结果表明,干扰离子的影响顺序为:Pb2+〉K+〉Na+〉Mg2+;随着干扰离子浓度的增大,材料对Cu2+的去除率显著下降。硅铝比及晶粒形貌均对沸石分子筛吸附Cu2+有较大影响,小的孔径不利于Cu2+的吸附,低硅铝比有利于Cu2+在分子筛上的吸附。 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
The vermicomposting ability of Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Perionyx ceylanensis Michaelsen was evaluated by using three different types of organic substrates such as leaf litter of Polyalthia longifolia, Pennisetum typhoides cobs (pearl millet) and a weed, Rottboellia exaltata (whole plant except the roots) in combination with cowdung (1:1). Vermicomposting studies (120 days) conducted to optimize
the number of worms required for efficient conversion based on the reduction of C/N ratio, percentage decomposition of organic
substrates, total number and biomass of earthworms recovered from the vermibed substrates clearly showed that vermibeds with
4 kg of organic materials can hold about 60–80 L. mauritii and about 90–120 P. ceylanensis for efficient decomposition. The percentage decomposition of each organic substrate treated with different numbers of L. mauritii (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 earthworms) and P. ceylanensis (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150) showed significant difference (P < 0.001) between numbers of worms introduced per vermibed but the difference between substrates was not significant within the treatments.
Vermicomposting resulted in significant increase in electrical conductivity (28.54–49.82%), total nitrogen (43.96–90.83%),
total phosphorus (27.42–68.10%) and total potassium (27.42–113.18%), whereas decrease in organic carbon (35.05–49.74%), C/N
ratio (55.48–73.18%) and C/P ratio (50.46–66.90%) in different vermibeds introduced with L. mauritii and P. ceylanensis. Both the earthworm species can be used for vermicomposting different organic substrates; however, duration of vermicomposting
with P. ceylanensis is not as much of L. mauritii. The use of L. mauritii for vermicomposting of other substrates has been well established by other workers also but standardization of P. ceylanensis, a locally available species, for vermicomposting of different organic substrates is a new finding and the species could be
useful for vermiconversion of organic substrates under local conditions. 相似文献
995.
996.
For the purpose of understanding the transport and deposition mechanisms and the air–water distribution of some volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHCs), their atmosphere/aquatic environment concentration ratio was evaluated. In addition, for the purpose of differentiating VCHC behaviour in a temperate climate from its behaviour in a polar climate, the atmosphere/aquatic environment concentration ratio evaluated in matrices from temperate zones was compared with the concentration ratio evaluated in Antarctic matrices.In order to perform air samplings also at rigid Antarctic temperatures, the sampling apparatus, consisting of a diaphragm pump and canisters, was suitably modified.Chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were measured in air, water and snow using specific techniques composed of a purpose-made cryofocusing-trap-injector (for air samples) and a modified purge-and-trap injector (for aqueous samples) coupled to a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detection operating in selected ion monitoring mode. The VCHCs were retrieved in all the investigated matrices, both Italian and Antarctic, with concentrations varying from tens to thousands of ng m−3 in air and from digits to hundreds of ng kg−1 in water and snow.The atmosphere/aquatic environment concentration ratios were always found to be lower than 1. In particular, the Italian air/water concentration ratios were smaller than the Antarctic ones, by reason of the higher atmospheric photochemical activity in temperate zones. On the other hand, the Antarctic air/snow concentration ratios proved to be largely in favour of snow with respect to the Italian ratios, thus corroborating the hypothesis of a more efficient VCHC deposition mechanism and accumulation on Antarctic snow. 相似文献
997.
Databases have been compiled to derive parameter values relevant to the transfer of radionuclides from feedstuffs to domestic animal products to provide a revision to the IAEA Handbook on transfer parameters TRS 364. Significant new data inputs have been incorporated into the databases from an extensive review of Russian language information and inclusion of data published since the early 1990s. Fractional gastrointestinal absorption in adult ruminants presented in the revised handbook are generally similar to those recommended for adult humans by the ICRP. Transfer coefficient values are presented in the handbook for a range of radionuclides to farm animal products. For most animal products, transfer coefficient values for elements additional to those in TRS 364 are provided although many data gaps remain. Transfer coefficients generally vary between species with larger species having lower values than smaller species. It has been suggested that the difference is partly due to the inclusion of dietary dry matter intake in the estimation of transfer coefficient and that whilst dietary intake increases with size nutrient concentrations do not. An alternative approach to quantifying transfer by using concentration ratios (CR), which do not consider dietary intake, has been evaluated. CR values compiled for the handbook vary considerably less between species than transfer coefficient values. The advantage of the CR approach is that values derived for one species could be applied to species for which there are no data. However, transfer coefficients will continue to be used as few studies currently report CR values or give data from which they can be estimated. 相似文献
998.
The analysis of the isotopic composition of nuclear or non-nuclear solid materials is performed in a variety of fields, e.g., for quality assurance in the production of nuclear fuels, as signatures in forensics, nuclear safeguards, and non-proliferation control, in material characterization, geology, and archeology. We have investigated the capability of laser ablation (New Wave Research, 213 nm) coupled to time-of-flight (TOF) ICP-MS (GBC OptiMass 8000) as a rapid analytical protocol for multi-isotope screening of nuclear and non-nuclear solid samples. This includes natural and non-natural isotopic compositions for elements including Cu, Zr, Mo, Cd, In, Ba, Ta, W, Re, Pt, Pb, and U, in pure metals, alloys, and glasses. Without correcting for mass bias (mass fractionation), an overall precision and accuracy of about 4% (1σ) can be achieved by minimizing the deposited laser power and thus fractionation (mass removal based on thermal properties). The precision and accuracy in combination with literally no or minimized sample preparation enables a rapid isotope screening of solid samples that is of particular interest to support nuclear forensic and safeguard analysis. 相似文献
999.
以筑坝反滤料的室内中型动三轴试验结果为基础,运用离散单元法中的二维颗粒流方法建立了轴对称数值试样模型,通过控制加荷过程中试样体积不变的方法,模拟了不排水加载条件下反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验。调整颗粒的细观接触参数,与真实试验结果进行比较分析,在得到符合实际结果的宏观力学响应的同时,分析了配位数、孔隙率和超孔隙水压的变化,并从微观角度对动三轴试验进行了探讨。讨论了固结比和密实度对动模量的影响,认为粗粒反滤料的固结比对最大动模量的影响比较符合H ard in推导公式的结果。结果表明,颗粒流方法可以较好地模拟反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验,试验过程中微观方面的表现也符合实际室内试验的规律。 相似文献
1000.