沈阳市大气污染物总量控制的探讨

根据辽宁省下达给沈阳市的大气污染物总量控制目标，对沈阳市大气污染物进行总量目标分配．提出总量控制措施，实现对沈阳市大气污染的总量控制管理，为经济发展提供一定的环境容量，推动全市技术进步和经济发展     

阴阳极协同作用降解有机污染物的研究进展

电化学法催化降解有机污染物已引起广泛兴趣。在电极的作用下,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合,可导致有机分子的电催化降解。选用合适的阳极和阴极材料可以加速电化学反应速率,有助于有机物的电化学转化。本文介绍了阳极和阴极氧化有机物的原理,综述了近年来阴阳两极协同作用降解有机物的进展。     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

监测和净化难分解性有机污染物质的植物基因工程技术

介绍了植物基因工程技术在监测和净化难分解性有机污染物质方面的研究进展。生物中存在着能降解难分解性有机污染物质的酶及其编码基因，具有识别和除去难分解性有机污染物质的免疫系统、受体和响应元件。这方面的研究工作多以哺乳动物为材料，植物的相关研究还处于起步阶段。创造环境监测和环境污染净化为目标的新型植物将成为转基因植物研究的极其重要的研究方向之一。     

Estimate of sea loading by pollutants originating from the littoral counties in the Republic of Croatia

The paper reviews the data of 10 yr of following up sewage (waste water) inflows of anthropological origin into the sea from all the coastal settlements in Croatia. In particular, we report the sea loading by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), expressed by the inhabitant equivalent (I.E.), for seven littoral counties. We estimated the loading of a coastal sea area for each county separately. The objective was to avoid any over- or underestimation of amounts and significance of sewage inflows into the seawater. For this purpose, a precisely determined sea volume up to the 10 m isobath has been chosen. Because of the inadequate treatment of wastewater, the total loading of that maritime territory expressed in terms of i.e. was found to be 26% higher than expected from the actual number of inhabitants. However, daily input represents only 12‰ of the considered volume of the sea. Recipient spent only 0.7% of the disposable oxygen quantity in the sea.     

我国主要污染物排放强度区域特征分析研究

文章以我国2012年化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟粉尘和工业固体废物等6种主要污染物的综合排放量与工业排放量数据为依据,应用层次分析赋权方法,测算了不同省份的综合污染值,对我国的污染物综合排放情况进行了评价分析。并与2005年相关研究成果进行了对比分析,找出了我国在污染物排放、治理方面取得的成果与存在的问题,针对我国不同区域的地域、经济、产业等特征要素提出了相应的政策建议。     

污染物排放总量预算管理制度框架设计

从我国污染减排形势及实际环境管理需求出发,分析了实施污染物排放总量预算管理制度的意义,明晰了这项制度的定义及实施的理论基础,并从国家层面首次提出了污染物排放总量预算管理制度的适用范围、总体框架、基本原则、实施技术方法及管理方法。     

A multidisciplinary weight of evidence approach for classifying polluted sediments: Integrating sediment chemistry, bioavailability, biomarkers responses and bioassays

Evaluation of chemical bioavailability and onset of biological alterations is fundamental to assess the hazard of environmental pollutants, particularly when associated to sediments which need to be removed. In the present work, five sediment samples were collected from the Venice Lagoon and data from sediment chemistry were integrated with those of bioaccumulation of chemicals in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed under laboratory conditions, responses of a wide battery of biomarkers, and standardized ecotoxicological bioassays. The overall results were elaborated within a recently developed, software-assisted weight of evidence (WOE) model which provides synthetic indices for each of considered line of evidence (LOE), before a general evaluation of sediment hazard. Levels of chemicals in sediments were not particularly elevated when compared to sediment quality guidelines of Venice Protocol. On the other hand, bioavailability was evident in some samples for Cd, Cu, Zn and, especially, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The ecotoxicological approach provided further evidence on the biological and potentially harmful effects due to released contaminants, and oxidative-mediated responses appeared of primary importance in modulating sublethal responses and the onset of cellular alterations. Biomarkers variations were sensitive, and more evident variations included significant changes of cytochrome P450 biotransformation pathway, antioxidant responses, onset of oxidative damages, lysosomal membrane stability and genotoxic effects. The results obtained from the battery of bioassays indicated that responses measured at organism level were in general accordance but less marked compared to the onset of sublethal changes measured through biomarkers. Overall this study revealed differences when comparing evaluations obtained from different LOEs, confirming the importance of considering synergistic effects between chemicals in complex mixtures. Compared to a qualitative pass-fail approach toward normative values, the proposed WOE model allowed a quantitative characterization of sediment hazard and a better discrimination of on the basis of various types of chemical and biological data.     

长江,嘉陵江重庆段内污染物的停留时间模型

从分析河流断面上的能量出发，导出一个计算污染物在河段内的停留时间模型，并对模型使用的初始条件作了较详尽的说明。