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41.
从燃烧的煤和油中排放出来的极性污染物,包含有多种含氮、氧和硫的极性多环芳烃(PAH),这些极性组分比非极性组分常具有更强的致癌和致突变性。目前,正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)常被用来分离分析这类极性组分。 但是,要提高这些极性组分分离的选择性,现大多采用梯度洗脱的方法。也就是改变流动相极性的方法。本文介绍了一种高压电场耦合色谱柱的新方法。这种技术除了具 相似文献
42.
蒽降解菌与铜绿假单胞菌融合子的特性研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
将蒽降解菌An815和绿色荧光蛋白标记铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa/EGFP)P原生质体融合,得到了既能高效降解蒽,又能产生生物表面活性剂的融合子F。研究了它的形态特征、生理生化特性、产表面活性剂的能力、对蒽的降解性能及生长繁殖情况。结果表明,融合子菌落和菌体形态,产脓青素,荧光色素的特性类似于铜绿假单胞菌亲本,但其大多生理生化特性酷似An815亲本而不同于铜绿假单胞菌亲本;融合子有较好产表面活性剂的能力,72 h内将表面张力由70.2 mN/m降至36.5mN/m;在蒽的反应体系中,32h内融合子和亲本An815对蒽的降解转化率分别为86.7%,59.4%,融合子对蒽的降解速率比An815提高了27.3%;在蒽的反应体系中融合子和亲本生长曲线相似。 相似文献
43.
采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物. 相似文献
44.
Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characterized oligomers with weight-average molar masses of from 600 to 2600 g/mol exhibit biodegradation in aqueous systems, soil, and compost at 60°C. SEC investigations showed a fast biological degradation of the oligomer fraction consisting of 1 or 2 repeating units, independent of the diol component used for polycondensation, while polyester oligomers with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 were stable against microbial attack at room temperature in a time frame of 2 months. At 60°C in a compost environment chemical hydrolysis also degrades chains longer than two repeating units, resulting in enhanced degradability of the oligomers. Metabolization of the monomers and the dimers as well by the microorganisms could be confirmed by comparing SEC measurements and carbon balances in a Sturm test experiment. Based on these results degradation characteristics of potential oligomer intermediates resulting from a primary chain scission from copolyesters consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarbonic acids can be predicted depending on their composition. These results will have an evident influence on the evaluation of the biodegradability of commercially interesting copolyesters and lead to new ways of tailor-made designing of new biodegradable materials as well. 相似文献
45.
光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定水中苯系物 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪,在环境温度下手工摇荡的快速顶空法测定水中苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯)的分析方法。方法的线性范围为0~180μg/L,相关系数均在0.996以上,方法的变异系数分别为1.0~14%(10μg/L),2.9~7.8%(30μg/L),方法的最低检测限达0.5~1.5μg/L。 相似文献
46.
气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用气相色谱法,选择中等极性的Tricresylphosphate与高沸点的非极性ApiezonL配成混合固定液,测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高,再现性好,简便快速,适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水,同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体 相似文献
47.
James R Payne John R Clayton Jr. Bruce E Kirstein 《Spill Science & Technology Bulletin》2003,8(2):201-221
The interactions of physically dispersed oil droplets with suspended particulate material (SPM) can be important for the transport of bulk quantities of spilled crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to subtidal sediments. The literature regarding oil/SPM interactions is reviewed, and results from whole-oil droplet/SPM interaction kinetics and pure-component (Prudhoe Bay crude oil distillate cut) equilibrium partitioning experiments are presented. The effects of oil type, SPM characteristics, and salinity on the interaction rates are examined, and the importance of whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions on particle agglomeration and settling behavior are discussed. Whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions are retarded as oil droplet dispersion into the water column is inhibited by oil viscosity increases due to evaporation weathering and water-in-oil emulsification. Compared to whole oil droplet/SPM interactions, dissolved-component/SPM adsorption is not as significant for transport of individual components to sediments. The information presented in this paper can be used to augment computer-based models designed to predict oil-spill trajectories, oil-weathering behavior, and spilled oil impacts to the marine environment. 相似文献
48.
高活性萘降解细菌Hydrogenophaga Palleronii LHJ38的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为了研究微生物对多环芳烃的降解和转化规律,以萘作为研究对象,从餐厨油烟污染土壤中筛选到一株萘降解活性较高的细菌菌株,经菌种鉴定,定名为帕氏氢噬胞菌(H ydrogenophaga Palleronii)LH J38。测定了该菌的生长曲线和萘降解曲线,建立了菌株对萘的降解活性的定量测定方法,并研究了其最适生长条件。结果表明,在28℃、初始pH6.6、碳氮摩尔比为4的最适培养条件下,LH J38对初始质量浓度为2 000m g/L的萘在96h内的降解率可达98%以上;处于对数生长期的LH J38对萘的降解活性可达47.3nm o l/(m g.m in)。 相似文献
49.
表面活性剂在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的应用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
介绍了单一表面活性剂(非离子表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂)、阴-非离子混合表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶作用、增溶机理及无机离子对表面活性剂增溶能力的影响,综述了化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂在污染土壤生物修复中的应用。由于生物表面活性剂具有许多独特的优点,今后应加强生物表面活性剂的开发与应用研究。 相似文献
50.
In multiphase systems capillary pressures play a significant role on fluid movement and retention. The facility to predict
the effect of different thermal remediation strategies requires the knowledge of the effect of temperature on capillary pressure-saturation
relationships in the soils.
The objective of recent study was (a) to develop a technique for routinely measuring the pressure-saturation curves of soil
samples saturated with a nonpolar liquid at different regulated temperatures (b) to build a database using the measured pressure-saturation
curves and the physical, chemical properties of the model soils (c) to establish the dependence of nonaqueous phase liquid
retention on the soil properties and the temperature.
The retention curves (extraction isotherms) with nonaqueous phase liquid were determined using a modified
pressure plate extractor. The wetting phase was a non-aromatic hydrocarbon distillation product. Pressure plates were designed and constructed in
the laboratory of our department. The temperature was held constant at 20, 40 and 60 ∘C.
Statistical analysis was performed involving selected soil parameters and the measured nonaqueous phase liquid retention data.
The results show that knowing some easily measurable soil parameters (bulk density, particle size distribution, humus and
lime content) we can estimate the nonaqueous phase liquid retention of the soils. The measured “extraction isotherms” provide
essential information about the temperature-dependency of pressure-saturation curves. 相似文献