Effect of Pollution On the Occurrence, Distribution and Sulphur Transformation Ability of the Thiobacilli in the River Ganga

The occurrence, distribution and nature of ambient thiobacilli along with their ability to oxidize different sulphur species under simulated natural and in vitro culture conditions were studied in the polluted and unpolluted sites of the River Ganga.

Thiobacillus thioparus, T. thiooxidans and T. denitrificans were isolated from the river water. the former two occurred in both polluted and unpolluted sites, while T. denitrificans occurred in polluted areas only. the paper pulp mill effluent discharge area contained the highest population of T. thioparus. the sewage drainage area showed relatively higher populations of T. thiooxidans and T. denitrificans.

The present study revealed that only biological oxidation of either thiosulphate or elemental sulphur occurred in the river water. All the thiobacilli screened oxidized thiosulphate, and three-fourths of them oxidized elemental sulphur. Some strains were found to be very good acidifiers. in spite of such acidification by the ambient thiobacilli, the pH of the river water remained alkaline. the specific rates of thiosulphate (0.18 -0.51 μMmolh^-1 mg^-1 cell) and sulphur (1.3 - 6.2 Normality day^-1 mg^-1 biomass) oxidations under simulated natural condition were found to be higher in polluted areas when compared with the unpolluted one (sulphur: 0.8 - 1.0 Normality day^-1 mg^-1).

Further, addition of thiouslphate or elemental sulphur in the river water in simulated in vitro condition resulted in the increase of respective oxidation rates. the variations in the natae of pollutants discharged into the river water influenced the oxidation rate of thiosulphate or sulphur.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌基因转移系统研究进展[综述]

氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｆｅｒｒｏｏｘｉｄａｎｓ)是极端嗜酸性的专性自养细菌 ,广泛分布于硫化矿床、酸性矿水及土壤中 ,最适生长ｐＨ 2 .0～ 2 .5 .氧化亚铁硫杆菌很早就被广泛应用于有用金属的浸出 ,特别适合于从低品位的矿石中浸出和回收稀有贵重金属 .这种方法具有低成本、低能耗、无污染等特点 ,因而在能源日益紧缺的今天 ,受到人们越来越多的关注 .目前许多国家已经成功地利用细菌浸出液技术开采多种金属 ,如铜、铀、金、钴、镍、锌和铅等 .其主要作用原理是通过氧化ＦｅＳＯ4 或ＦｅＳ2 产生Ｆｅ3 氧化剂 ,氧化…     

生物滴滤塔处理硫化氢废气

采用生物滴滤塔去除废气中的H_2S。研究了进气量及进气浓度对H_2S去除率的影响,同时对生物滴滤塔填料表面的微生物群落进行了分析。实验结果表明:当营养液喷淋量为6 L/h、进气量为0.8 m~3/h左右、进气H_2S质量浓度在0～70 mg/m~3之内随机变化时,生物滴滤塔对H_2S的去除率能稳定达到90%以上。此时生物滴滤塔的最高负荷为5 400 mg/(m~3·h)。通过高通量测序得出H_2S去除中起主导作用的细菌为硫杆菌。     

污泥中氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离及其应用效果

以FeSO4.7H2O为能源物质,采用9K选择性培养基培养继以Leathen固体培养基平板接种法直接从污泥中分离出一株高度嗜酸的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)菌株该菌株适应污泥环境速度快,易于驯化.序批式试验法研究表明,接种该菌株进行污泥生物淋滤可有效溶出污水污泥中重金属.经过4～10 d的生物淋滤,Cr、Cu、Zn的最高去除率可分别达到80%、100%和100%.     

Biological mine drainage treatment

Drainage from sulphur mines contains a high concentration of ferrous iron and it is strongly acidic. The mechanism of acid mine drainage formation was briefly explained. As a case study, successful measures taken at the abandoned Matsuo mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, for preventing the pollution in receiving rivers was presented in this paper. The measures consisted of the construction works against pollution sources and the construction of a drainage treatment plant in which Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous iron under a low pH condition, and produced ferric iron is removed by sedimentation. Then, a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor using anion exchange resin as attaching material for the bacteria was examined in order to improve the efficiency of biological oxidation of ferrous iron. More than 90% of oxidation had been maintained for 2 months at 1 h of HRT, which suggests that the size of the oxidation tank could be reduced.     

微生物对煤系固体废弃物淋滤液污染性影响

煤矸石和粉煤灰是煤矿区的两种主要废弃物,它们不仅占用大量的土地,同时也对矿区环境产生了严重污染。分别接种氧化硫硫杆菌和解磷细菌于煤矸石和粉煤灰中,通过柱状淋滤试验研究微生物对两种固体废弃物淋滤液污染性的影响。结果表明:煤矸石中添加氧化硫硫杆菌能显著脱除煤矸石中的硫,同时淋滤液中也生成了大量的H+和铁离子,使淋滤液中硫酸根和磷酸根离子浓度显著增大,超出了GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》的指标。粉煤灰中添加解磷菌能显著提高淋滤液中的磷含量和电导率,但对淋滤液的pH、SO42-和铁离子影响不明显。氧化硫硫杆菌和解磷细菌对煤矸石和粉煤灰混合工艺处理效果较好,粉煤灰在一定程度上降低了硫、磷和铁的污染性。     

嗜酸菌对废旧印刷线路板金属铜的浸出研究

选用嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称T.f)、氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans,简称T.t)作为实验菌种研究其对线路板(Printed circuit board)粉金属铜的浸出;试验以单一菌种、混合菌种、无菌培养基及酸性蒸馏水进行浸出实验研究,通过对比不同条件下的浸出效果,得出单一氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f)的浸出效果最好,浸出率达到92.1%。通过对浸出过程中pH、ORP及Fe2+、Fe3+变化分析,发现Fe3+的氧化作用在铜的浸出过程中起主导作用,酸浸也有一定的贡献;对浸出后残余的PCB进行XRD及SEM观察分析发现,PCB组成成分中含有大量的酚烃、苯酚及邻、对位取代酚以及少量的长链烷烃及其脂肪烃,此类有机物在浸出过程中均与细菌或其代谢物发生了作用。     

复合硫杆菌生物淋滤对Mn去除的研究

通过利用复合硫杆菌(氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌)在不同接种量(5%,10%,20%)对市政污泥进行生物淋滤实验,探讨了淋滤过程中pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)、Mn的淋滤效果及淋滤过程中其形态的变化。结果表明:该方法能有效淋出污泥中的Mn,生物淋滤12d后,10%接种量反应器Mn的淋出率达到100%;Mn的淋出率受pH和ORP的双重影响,与pH和ORP的关系为:淋出率等于2.439-0.452pH-0.002ORP;各形态中Mn的可交换态和残渣态变化幅度大,从形态变化上表明该淋滤反应对Mn具有有效的淋出;Mn各形态的淋滤能力是:碳酸盐结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>残渣态>有机物结合态。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出线路板中铜的研究

从煤堆积水中分离得到氧化亚铁硫杆菌,利用该菌种对线路板中的铜进行了浸出实验.研究了不同线路板粉末添加量对浸出效果的影响,观察了浸出过程中pH和氧化还原电位(Eh)的变化,结果表明添加量为10 g/L和20 g/L时,在15 d内线路板Cu几乎全部浸出,而50g/L和100g/L在15 d内亦有较高的浸出效率,并呈持续上升趋势.     

影响煤炭微生物脱硫因素的研究

对能源条件、细菌接种量、氮素营养和酸预浸洗煤样等影响微生物煤脱硫的因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,采用亚铁盐作能源条件培养的菌株,其脱硫效果较好;对于定量的煤样,在一定限度内增加细菌接种量,可提高煤的脱硫率,但超过某限度后,煤脱硫率的提高并不明显;在煤浆中添加适量的无机氮营养,可有效提高煤的脱硫率;脱硫前用酸预处理煤样,不仅可提高脱硫效率,还能缩短煤脱硫反应的时间。