垃圾衍生燃料热重-红外联用法的热解特性

实验以中小城市垃圾典型组分合成RDF,利用热重-傅立叶变换红外光谱(TG-FTIR)联用法对其热解特性进行了研究,并求解了RDF热解反应动力学参数。结果表明城市垃圾合成RDF具有较高的热值,煤的混入具有良好的助燃效果,单一组分及RDF混合组分的热解服从动力学基本方程表征的规律,可以用来获得动力学参数。     

军用计算机电磁信息安全与防护

利用电磁学的方法分析了计算机电磁信息辐射的原理,引入偶极子分析计算了计算机电磁信息辐射场的频谱与场强;研究了计算机电磁信息辐射接收机的接收原理,进一步定量分析了辐射场强与接收机带宽、噪声系数、接收天线定向性和增益之间的数值关系;阐述了计算机电磁信息泄露的方式和途径,概括了基于实际的军队计算机应用中电磁信息安全与防护的主要手段.     

3M测试片法在膜法水处理技术中的应用

采用3M测试片法测定膜法水处理系统的细菌总数，找出双膜系统的微生物污染环节，并采用正交实验筛选出适宜的杀菌剂种类、杀菌剂加入量和杀菌时间。实验结果表明：3M测试片法的测定结果数据准确可靠，且操作简便，节省时间，可以替代常规的平皿培养法用于评价膜的微生物污染情况；某炼化公司双膜系统的反渗透膜已受到微生物的污染，确定的适宜杀菌条件为杀菌剂Trsea 380、杀菌剂加入量50 mg/L、杀菌时间2.0 h，在此条件下杀菌率可达100%。     

Molecular identification and nanoremediation of microbial contaminants in algal systems using untreated wastewater

Wastewater-algal biomass is a promising option to biofuel production. However, microbial contaminants constitute a substantial barrier to algal biofuel yield. A series of algal strains, Nannochloris oculata and Chlorella vulgaris samples (n = 30), were purchased from the University of Texas, and were used for both stock flask cultures and flat-panel vertical bioreactors. A number of media were used for isolation and differentiation of potential contaminants according to laboratory standards (CLSI). Conventional PCR amplification was performed followed by 16S rDNA sequencing to identify isolates at the species level. Nanotherapeutics involving a nanomicellar combination of natural chitosan and zinc oxide (CZNPs) were tested against the microbial lytic groups through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). Results indicated the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus pumilus/ safensis, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains at a substantial level in the wastewater-fed algal reactors. TEM confirmed the effectiveness of CZNPs on the lytic group while the average MICs (mg/mL) detected for the strains, Pseudomonas spp, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus were 0.417, 3.33, and 1.458, respectively. Conclusively, CZNP antimicrobials proved to be effective as inhibitory agents against currently identified lytic microbial group, did not impact algae cells, and shows promise for in situ interventions.     

金属熔炼企业辐射安全监管的探讨

随着金属熔炼行业的迅速发展,熔炼企业出现放射性污染事件的风险日益增加,采取有效措施加强金属熔炼企业辐射安全监管,防止放射性污染事件的发生,具有十分重要的意义。为规范金属熔炼企业的辐射安全管理,浙江省开展了"放心熔炼企业"创建工作,对金属熔炼企业从管理机构、管理制度、仪器配备、人员培训、台账管理等方面提出了严格的管理要求。本文在对浙江省金属熔炼企业辐射安全管理现状情况进行详细调查并结合日常监督性检查和监测的基础上,分析了目前金属熔炼企业辐射安全监管中存在的主要问题,提出了建立有效的管理措施、加强人员培训、加强仪器配备、多部门合作共同做好金属熔炼行业辐射安全监管工作等对策、措施和建议。     

1983～2012年长江流域地表净辐射变化特征

本文采用统计相关分析、Morlet小波分析、Rodionov时间序列分析与GIS空间分析等技术方法,分析了1983年7月至2012年9月长江流域SRB和CERES地表净辐射月产品的时空变化特征.结果表明:拟合后遥感产品比气象辐射站点观测值整体高15.8％,平均误差为15.31 W/m2,均方根误差为21.58W/m2.长江流域地表净辐射多年均值为78.0W/m2,整体呈下降趋势,于1996年突降,存在16年和10年周期;季相上,呈夏＞春＞秋＞冬.空间上,呈现西部地区＞东部地区＞中部地区;1996～2012年相较1983～1995年净辐射整体下降,其中上游流域降幅大于中下游;净辐射降低主要出现在5～7月,降幅较大地区主要是长江上游流域部分地区和长江中游流域纬度较低地区.研究结果对于认识长江流域的气候变化条件下的能量和水分循环过程等具有重要意义.     

利用啤酒废水培养极大螺旋藻

利用啤酒废水培养极大螺旋藻（Spirulina maxima）。研究了初始COD、DO、氮磷元素等培养条件对藻生物量（每mL培养液中极大螺旋藻的质量，以干重计）及废水水质的影响。实验结果表明：将废水稀释至COD=700 mg/L，控制DO=2.5 mg/L，并添加氮磷元素使废水的碳氮磷质量比为225∶15∶1，培养3 d，极大螺旋藻的藻生物量可达175.55 mg/L，即每吨啤酒废水可生产极大螺旋藻175.55 g；废水中COD，TN，NH₃-N，NO₃^-，TP的去除率分别达到85.43%，94.54%，74.66%，94.53%，61.54%。利用啤酒废水培养螺旋藻在收获极大螺旋藻生物质的同时，还能对废水起到一定程度的净化作用。     

饮用水水质安全性的探讨

阐明了目前我国城镇供水水质安全所存在的问题：主要从藻毒素、消毒副产物、内分泌干扰物、铝浓度超标、出厂水的二次污染等五个方面加以讨论，且分析了它们的危害及产生原因。     

Application of a chemically modified green macro alga as a biosorbent for phenol removal

Phenol and substituted phenols are toxic organic pollutants present in tannery waste streams. Environmental legislation defines the maximum discharge limit to be 5–50 ppm of total phenols in sewers. Thus the efforts to develop new efficient methods to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater are of primary concern. The present work aims at the use of a modified green macro alga (Caulerpa scalpelliformis) as a biosorbent for the removal of phenolic compounds from the post-tanning sectional stream. The effects of initial phenol concentration, contact time, temperature and initial pH of the solution on the biosorption potential of macro algal biomass have been investigated. Biosorption of phenol by modified green macro algae is best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Biosorption kinetics of phenol onto modified green macro algal biomass were best described by a pseudo second order model. The maximum uptake capacity was found to be 20 mg of phenol per gram of green macro algae. A Boyd plot confirmed the external mass transfer as the slowest step involved in the biosorption process. The average effective diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.44 × 10⁻⁹ cm²/s. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the biosorption process to be exothermic.