Soil pH and Anion Abundance Affects on Copper Adsorption

Abstract

Copper (Cu) input to agricultural soils results from Cu containing pesticides and/or that in soil amendments, such as manure or sewage sludge. Soil and soil solution properties influence the adsorption and desorption of Cu by the soil, which in turn determines its plant availability and/or phytotoxicities. Effects of different anion enrichment in the equilibrium solution on Cu adsorption by different soils (pH range of 6.2–9.9) were investigated in this study over a range of Cu concentrations. With Cu concentrations in the range of 0–100 mg L^?1 in the equilibration solution, 95–99% of applied Cu was adsorbed by all three soils. The adsorption of Cu was similar regardless of using either 0.01 M CaCl₂ or Ca(NO₃)₂ as the equilibration solution. When the Cu concentration in the equilibration solution was further increased in the range of 500–2000 mg L^?1, the adsorption of Cu decreased from 60 to 24% of applied Cu in two soils with pH 6.2–7.9. In a high pH soil (pH = 9.9), the Cu adsorption decreased from 77 to 34%. Addition of incinerated sewage sludge (ISS) to a Palouse silt loam soil (pH = 6.2) increased the Cu adsorption as compared to that by unamended soil. This was, in part, due to an increase in the soil suspension pH with ISS amendment.     

Soil remediation using in situ immobilisation techniques

The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of different substrates to reduce the extraction of heavy metals concentration in a heavily contaminated soil. Two contaminated soils by Cu and Zn were used to evaluate the effectiveness of eight substrates (calcium carbonate, bentonite, kaolinite, charcoal, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zeolite, phosphate) to reduce metal availability and to study the change of metals speciation in different forms using sequential extraction technique (single step). Sequential extraction technique (single step, 0.11 M acetic acid, HONH₃Cl, H₂O₂+NH₄OAc, Aqua regia) was applied on contaminated soils after and before treatment to evaluate metals speciation. Results indicate that the most effective treatments in decreasing available metal concentrations were calcium carbonate, zeolite and manganese or iron oxide. Metal sequential fractionations indicate that the exchangeable fraction of Cu and Zn in contaminated soils can be transformed into unavailable forms after chemical remediation.     

秸秆还田下改良剂对水稻生长和Cd吸收积累的影响

土壤中的镉（Cd）易在水稻中积累而威胁人体健康,秸秆还田下不同化学改良剂对水稻Cd 吸收累积特性的影响效应值得关注.选取成都平原德阳市旌阳区Cd 污染稻田为研究对象,开展小区试验,研究秸秆（油菜、小麦）直接还田下添加石灰、钙镁磷肥、海泡石3 种改良剂对水稻生长和Cd 吸收累积的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,油菜秸秆＋钙镁磷肥和小麦秸秆＋海泡石处理均能增加水稻株高、分蘖数和产量,其中产量提高了6.34%和12.64%,达显著水平（P〈0.05）.秸秆还田下,配施改良剂（石灰、钙镁磷肥、海泡石）均能显著降低（P〈0.05）水稻糙米Cd 含量,较对照降幅分别为21.65%-36.75%（油菜秸秆还田）和21.11%-33.87%（小麦秸秆还田）.油菜秸秆＋改良剂（石灰、钙镁磷肥、海泡石）促进了土壤Cd 向茎叶的累积,较对照增加1.31-2.41 倍,这对水稻秸秆（茎叶）还田利用有不利影响.小麦秸秆＋石灰或海泡石处理均显著降低了茎秆、谷壳Cd 积累,较对照降幅为6.28%-19.63%和70.16%-78.68%.综合水稻产量及其对土壤Cd 吸收累积效应,油菜秸秆配合改良剂（海泡石、石灰和钙镁磷肥）、小麦秸秆＋海泡石是较为理想的秸秆还田与改良剂配合处理技术.     

Response of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) to heavy metals contamination in soils with different organic fertilisations

The response of green roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) to Cu/Pb contamination and manure application in soil was investigated using pot experiments. Subsamples of a mineral soil were treated with increasing doses (0–500 mg kg^?1) of Cu/Pb only and/or amended (at 10% w/w) with poultry or swine manure. Roselle plants were grown, monitored for changes in growth rate and post-harvest aboveground dry biomass and tissue Cu/Pb concentrations were determined. The plants were typically greenish with linear growth profiles at all metal doses, indicating some level of tolerance. Dry biomass yields decreased as metal dose increased. Poultry manure enhanced roselle biomass yields better than swine manure. Tissue Cu/Pb concentrations increased linearly as metal doses increased in unamended soils; whereas nonlinear responses were observed in manure-amended soils. Soil-to-plant transfer factors, T _f (%) indicated that Cu (13≤T _f (% )≤60) was more phytoavailable to roselle than Pb (11≤T _f (% )≤20). Tissue metal concentrations were modelled from soil pH, organic matter, plant available and pseudototal metal; but the models appeared more reliable with plant available metal as a covariate than with pseudototal metal content. These observations may become useful whenever phytoextraction is the remedial option for soils moderately contaminated by toxic metals.     

两种淹水模式下施用钝化材料对镉污染农田水稻安全生产的影响

为实现镉(Cd)污染农田稻米安全生产,以中度Cd污染农田为研究对象,通过连续2 a的大田试验,对比分析了间歇性淹水和全生育期淹水2种淹水模式下,玉石粉、生物炭和粉煤灰这3种钝化材料施用后对土壤pH,有效Cd和稻米Cd含量的影响.结果 表明:①单一淹水处理下,全生育期淹水和间歇性淹水处理均可提高土壤pH,土壤有效Cd降低...     

不同碳氮磷源改良剂对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被与土壤性质的影响

开展野外田间试验,在铅锌尾矿废弃地上添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂进行植被重建,从植物生长、营养元素、土壤酶活性、尾矿及植物重金属含量等方面研究其对铅锌尾矿废弃地的改良效果.结果表明:①添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂促进了植物在尾矿上定居和生长,植被盖度从6个月的2. 0%～20. 0%增长到30个月的62. 5%～98. 5%;生物量从6个月的9. 4～115g·m-2增长到30个月的389. 0～2 358. 3 g·m-2.②添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂增加了尾矿营养元素含量(有机碳、水溶性碳、硝态氮和有效磷分别增加了6. 0%～93. 3%、1. 3%～49. 3%、12. 3%～214. 7%和2. 7%～81. 3%)和提高了土壤酶活性(脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了0. 3～2. 8、0. 1～1. 4、0. 1～0. 6和0. 1～0. 5倍).③添加不同碳氮磷源改良剂不同程度地降低了尾矿中重金属有效态含量(DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Cu、DTPA-Pb和DTPA-Zn分别下降了2. 5%～40. 2%、1. 4%～25. 6%、1. 4%～15. 2%和0. 4%～24. 9%)和植物体内重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn分别下降了12. 1%～58. 7%、6. 4%～46. 0%、20. 2%～68. 0%和11. 7%～58. 1%)含量.④Pearson相关性分析表明,植被盖度、生物量与尾矿营养元素和土壤酶活性呈显著正相关,与尾矿重金属有效态含量呈显著负相关;植物地上部分重金属含量与尾矿重金属有效态含量、营养元素和土壤酶活性相关性不明显.综合分析表明,碳氮磷源改良剂是铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复良好的改良材料.     

Sorption of As, Cd and Tl as influenced by industrial by-products applied to an acidic soil: equilibrium and kinetic experiments

In situ stabilization of toxic elements in contaminated soils by the addition of amendments is being considered as an effective technique for remediation. In this paper, we performed both kinetics and equilibrium-based sorption experiments of three toxic elements (As, Cd and Tl) in soils amended with two by-products (phosphogypsum and sugar foam, rich in gypsum and calcium carbonate, respectively) to ascertain the feasibility of their application for improving the sorption capacity of As, Cd and Tl from the soil at 25, 35 and 50 °C. Kinetic studies indicated that the sorption follows a pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and the sorption is a two-step diffusion process where both film and intraparticle diffusion played important roles in the sorption mechanisms of the elements. The Langmuir isotherms applied for sorption studies showed that the estimated maximum sorption capacity of the elements in control and amended soils decreased in the order of Cd > As > Tl. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters obtained at different temperatures, the thermodynamic constants of sorption (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were also evaluated, indicating spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process, except Tl which was exothermic. An optimal scaling procedure was undertaken to determine the relationships between the kinetic and equilibrium sorption parameters. By means of statistical analysis it was seen that these inter-parametric relationships are dependent on the element nature.