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101.
Marit?StrandenEmail author Tonette?R?stelien Ilme?Liblikas Tor?J.?Almaas Anna-Karin?Borg-Karlson Hanna?Mustaparta 《Chemoecology》2003,13(3):143-154
Summary. Some plant volatiles are produced in response to
herbivory of several insect species, including heliothine
larvae. In the present study of female heliothine moths, four
co-located receptor neurone types were identified, of which
three types responded strongest to the inducible compounds
E--ocimene, E,E--farnesene and E,E-TMTT, respectively.
The fourth type responded strongest to geraniol,
which is a common floral volatile. The narrow tuning of
each receptor neurone type was demonstrated by responses
to a few structurally-related monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes,
homo-terpenes and monoterpene alcohols, respectively, out
of hundreds of plant constituents tested. The four neurone
types showed the same relation of spike amplitudes and
ranking of effective compounds in the three heliothine
species; the polyphagous Heliothis virescens and
Helicoverpa armigera and the oligophagous Helicoverpa
assulta. The results indicate the presence of functionally
similar types of plant odour-receptor neurones in the three
related species, and suggest conservation or reappearance of
functionally similar olfactory receptors in related species,
independent of the evolution of polyphagy and oligophagy. 相似文献
102.
Roy M. Harrison Andrew R. Deacon Marcus R. Jones Robert S. Appleby 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1997,31(24):4103-4117
Hourly average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have been measured simultaneously at a site within Birmingham U.K. between October 1994 and October 1995. Comparison of PM10 and NOx data with two other sites in the same city shows comparable summer and winter mean concentrations and highly significant inter-site correlations for both hourly and daily mean data. Over a four-month period samples were also collected for chemical analysis of sulphate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium and elemental and organic carbon. Analysis of the data indicates a marked difference between summer and winter periods. In the winter months PM2.5 comprises about 80% of PM10 and is strongly correlated with NOx indicating the importance of road traffic as a source. In the summer months, coarse particles (PM10−PM2.5) account for almost 50% of PM10 and the influence of resuspended surface dusts and soils and of secondary particulate matter is evident. The chemical analysis data are also consistent with three sources dominating the PM10 composition: vehicle exhaust emissions, secondary ammonium salts and resuspended surface dusts. Coarse particles from resuspension showed a positive dependence on windspeed, whilst elemental carbon derived from road traffic exhibited a negative dependence. 相似文献
103.
以多溴联苯醚类化合物的ER亲合力为生物活性指标,运用基于配体结构信息的CoMFA/CoMSIA方法,模拟该类化合物与雌激素受体的结合作用机制,结果表明,这些结构类似化合物中存在的不同受体作用模式,需要结合基于受体功能区结构的QSAR方法进一步探讨。 相似文献
104.
使用冬季北京市城区的细颗粒物(PM2.5)评估其对人肺上皮细胞系A549中多环芳烃受体(AhR)通路的激活作用.利用CCK-8法检测细胞暴露PM2.5后的存活率,选取50%抑制浓度(IC50)作为细胞暴露剂量,采用Western blot和免疫荧光检测PM2.5暴露诱导AhR定位变化,采用荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测AhR的靶基因CYP1A1的转录和翻译水平改变,应用双荧光素酶报告基因法测定AhR与靶基因结合位点(XRE)的活性,利用酶标仪测定CYP1A1的酶活性改变.结果显示,随着暴露时间的增加,AhR逐渐从细胞质易位至细胞核;CYP1A1 mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平也呈时间依赖性显著增加;AhR与XRE结合活性的增加表明了PM2.5诱导CYP1A1增加的调节机制;最后引起细胞内CYP1A1酶活性显著增加.研究表明,来自冬季北京城区的PM2.5样品可激活A549细胞的AhR通路,提示AhR介导的信号途径可能与PM2.5的暴露毒性有关. 相似文献
105.
为了研究南京市PM2.5的污染特征及来源贡献,于2018年3月至2019年2月在南京仙林地区进行PM2.5组分的在线监测,运用PMF和CMB受体模型,开展PM2.5的来源解析.结果表明,观测期间南京市PM2.5平均质量浓度为54.3μg/m3,其中冬季平均浓度76.4μg/m3.PM2.5的主要组分为NO3-(21.3%~30.8%)、SO42-(18.9%~23.5%)、NH4+(14.3%~16.2%).从全年平均来看,PMF模型得到的PM2.5解析结果为:二次无机气溶胶(54.9%)、燃煤源(17.4%)、二次有机气溶胶(7.4%)、机动车排放源(7.1%)、工业源(4.9%)、扬尘源(4.8%)、其他源(3.4%);CMB模型得到的PM2.5解析结果为:硝酸盐(33.0%)、硫酸盐(24.0%)、燃煤源(16.4%)、机动车排放源(8.4%)、二次有机气溶胶(7.1%)、扬尘源(5.7%)、其他源(2.9%)、工业源(2.4%).不同季节PM2.5来源有所差异,夏冬季二次无机气溶胶占比大于春秋季,春冬季燃煤占比最大,二次有机气溶胶在秋季占比最大.结合2017年南京市大气污染源排放清单,对二次气溶胶贡献进行再解析,得到南京仙林地区PM2.5主要贡献来自燃煤源(PMF:34.14%,CMB:33.82%),机动车排放源(PMF:27.33%,CMB:29.33%)以及工业源(PMF:26.76%,CMB:24.77%).可见,影响南京仙林地区PM2.5的污染源主要来自燃煤源、机动车排放源和工业源,基于在线组分监测、利用PMF和CMB模型得到的PM2.5源解析结果具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
106.
多环芳烃作为持久性高毒性的有机污染物,一直受到广泛关注。酶联免疫分析技术因特异性强、快速、便捷等优点而广泛使用。建立了芳香烃受体介导的类酶联免疫竞争方法(类ELISA),用于检测环境中多环芳烃类物质的含量。在实验室条件下,分别检测了5种多环芳烃萘、苊、菲、荧蒽和芘,同时比较与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)在灵敏度、准确性和重现性等标的差异。HPLC检出限为2.70~10.71 ng/mL;GC/MS的检出限为2.60~24.40 ng/mL;类ELISA的检出限在1.24~3.10ng/mL。HPLC的加标回收率为58.03%~106.69%;GC/MS的加标回收率为88.16%~154.83%;类ELISA的加标回收率为74.67%~121.84%。HPLC的变异系数为4.26~9.03;GC/MS的变异系数为1.44~5.82;类ELISA的变异系数为2.56~8.16。结果表明,类ELISA方法灵敏度较好,准确性较高;而GC/MS方法重现性较好,检测更为稳定。 相似文献
107.
108.
为探讨镉、汞、锌3种重金属的雌激素样作用,采用双杂交酵母法测定了醋酸镉、氯化汞、醋酸锌单独作用时对重组基因酵母β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性的EC50值.实验结果表明,醋酸镉浓度为1.0×10-5mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-7~10-2mol·L-1),氯化汞浓度为5.0×10-7mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-9~10-5mol·L-1),醋酸锌浓度为1.0×10-4mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-9~10-2mol·L-1)时对酵母β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性最大,分别达到1.3、0.95和1.1U.不能求出镉、汞、锌单独作用时对β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性的EC50值.一味计算EC50值不仅难以评价重金属的雌激素活性,而且限制重组受体基因酵母法的普遍运用.一些重金属通过MCF-7细胞法(E-screen)呈阳性,通过重组hERα酵母法YES检测呈阴性,有可能是重金属通过与ERβ作用而产生效应.若构建出含ERβ基因的双杂交酵母菌株,与现有的方法互补将能完善环境雌激素的体外测评系统. 相似文献
109.
110.
Yuqing Shen Jianyun Zhang Jingqian Xie 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(2):91-102
AbstractInformation regarding the enantioselective endocrine disruption of chiral herbicides is scarce. This study assessed the disrupting effects of eight typical chiral herbicides on corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). Enantioselectivity of eight chiral herbicides were evaluated for their agonistic/antagonistic effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with CHOK1 cell line using reporter gene assay. Their influence on the production of corticosteroids were further investigated in H295R cell line using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the racemates or enantiomers of eight chiral herbicides exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, rac-propisochlor and S-imazamox antagonized cortisol-induced transactivation of GR by 21.79% and 38.73% at the concentration of 1.0?×?10?7 M and 1.0?×?10?6 M, respectively, and R-napropamide remarkably attenuated aldosterone-induced MR transactivation by 68.78% at 1.0?×?10?6 M. The secretion of cortisol was significantly restrained after treated with 1.0?×?10?6 M rac-propisochlor and rac-/R-napropamide at the concentration of 1.0?×?10?6 M by 26.49%, 30.10% and 35.27%, respectively, while this glucocorticoid was remarkably induced by 1.0?×?10?5 M rac-diclofop-methyl and its two enantiomers at the concentration of 1.0?×?10?5 M by 75.60%, 100.1% and 68.78%, respectively. Exposure to rac-propisochlor (1.0?×?10?6 M), S-diclofop-methyl (1.0?×?10?5 M) or rac-/S-/R- acetochlor (1.0?×?10?6 M) and rac-/S-/R-lactofen (1.0?×?10?6 M) inhibited the secretion of aldosterone by approximately 40%. Our findings suggested that chiral herbicides disrupted corticosteroid homeostasis in an enantioselective way. Therefore, more comprehensive screening is required to better understand the ecological and health risks of chiral pesticides. 相似文献