活性氧的化学发光测定法

以作者近年来的研究结果为中心 ,综合地介绍过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )、单线态氧 ( 1O2 )、超氧阴离子自由基 ( .O-2 )以及羟自由基 ( .OH)等活性氧化学发光研究的最新动态 .侧重介绍活性氧的鲁米诺、光泽精、甲壳动物荧光素化学发光测定体系 ,比较了这几种方法的各自特点和应用情况     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

上海白龙港排污口附近潮滩沉积物中重金属总量及其化学形态分析

利用Tessier分级提取法依次提取了上海白龙港排污口附近潮滩沉积物中几种重金属元素的化学形态 ,结果表明 :Cu、Pb、Fe、Zn、Cr在沉积物中均以残渣态为主 ,Mn以碳酸盐结合态为主 ,占到总量的 5 0 %左右 ;秋季碳酸盐结合态重金属向铁锰氧化物结合态发生形态迁移与转化 ,在低潮滩沉积物中 ,碳酸盐结合态重金属发生分解以后 ,一部分向上覆水发生了迁移和扩散 ;Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn重金属元素之间具有良好的相关性 ,Zn、Cr在沉积物中也表现出相似的化学行为。     

Degradation of Populus euphratica community in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China

IntroductionRiparian systems are aquatic-terrestrial ecotones withunique biotic , biophysical and landscape characteristics(Gregory, 1991 ; Naiman, 1997 ; Wiens , 2002) and areshaped by fluvial geomorphic processes . Riparian plantcommunities perform an i…     

论小于63μm粒级作为水体颗粒物重金属研究介质的合理性及有关粒级转换模型研究

粒度是影响水体颗粒物中重金属含量的重要因素。研究了与此有关的两个问题：１．对各种粒度校正方法进行了讨论，论证了以小于６３μｍ粒级作为水体颗粒物中重金属研究介质的合理性：２．由于我国文献中大量资料是关于小于５０μｍ粒级颗粒物的，为使其与小于６３μｍ粒级数据有对比性，我们采集了我国东部自北至南地理、水文条件显著不同的十数条河流共２７个表层沉积物样品，对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ等７种重金属元素在小于５０μｍ和小于６３μｍ两种粒级中的含量进行了分析，以简约主轴法回归模型Ⅱ建立了两种粒级中重金属含量的回归模型。     

泸沽湖特有水生生物的保护初探

泸沽湖有水生生物 133种。本文对其种群结构、数量作了调查 ,分析了特有种水生生物结构变化原因是不合理利用 ,应通过管理措施和工程措施保护特有水生生物     

Progress in the research on aquatic environmental nonpoint source pollution in China

ＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｎｏｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａＢａｏＱｕａｎｓｈｅｎｇ，ＭａｏＸｉａｎｑｉａｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＨｕａｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏ...     

东江上游（河源段）水环境研究

东江是珠江水系的主要干流之一，是广东东部至关重要的水系，文章详细分析了东江上游９０年代中后期的水质状况，在此基础上研究和探讨了东江上游水质的季节变化规律及其水质变化趋势。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

EM技术及其在水环境保护中的应用研究进展

通过对EM有效微生物技术的特点、作用及在水环境保护中的应用研究进展的介绍,表明该技术应用于水环境保护中具有广阔的发展前景。