微库仑法测定制浆造纸漂白废水的AOX研究

介绍Multi X2500总有机卤素分析仪对制浆造纸漂白废水中可吸附有机卤素(AOX)的测定;水样用硝酸调pH ＜2后,以双根活性炭玻璃填充柱法或振荡法进行吸附;将吸附有机物的活性炭在氧气流中燃烧热解、用微库仑法测定其卤化氢.试验结果显示,双根活性炭玻璃填充柱吸附法优于振荡吸附法.纯水中不同含氯量的加标实验平均回收率为86.0％～ 108％,实际水样加标实验回收率为86.3％～ 107％.     

造纸污泥生物炭对四环素的吸附特性及机理

以造纸污泥为原料,在限氧条件下,通过控制热解温度（300,500和700℃）,制备生物炭（SBC300、SBC500和SBC700）,比较了3种生物炭的基本理化性质;以四环素（TC）为目标污染物,研究了造纸污泥生物炭（SBC）对TC的吸附特性及机理.结果表明,SBC对TC的吸附以化学吸附为主,吸附平衡时,SBC300对TC的去除率最低,为38.8%,SBC700的去除率最高,为54.1%;同时Langmuir模型能更好地描述此吸附过程,且最大吸附量依次为SBC700（63.8mg/g） > SBC500（50.6mg/g） > SBC300（40.0mg/g）.热力学分析表明,SBC对TC的吸附为自发且吸热的过程.pH值影响TC的存在形态及SBC的表面带电情况,对吸附过程有较大影响.通过吸附等温线分解法定量描述了表面吸附作用及分配作用的贡献率,结合FTIR分析,表明SBC对TC的吸附可能是分配作用、静电作用、氢键作用、π-π EDA作用及离子交换作用等共同作用的结果.     

吸附—催化氧化—絮凝法联合处理造纸废水

采用吸附－催化氧化－絮凝法联合处理造纸废水，讨论了废水通过炉渣柱的滤速，在絮凝过程中Al2(SO4)3的加入量及催化氧化反应中溶液的pH值，铁屑的加入量，H2O2的加入量等主要因素对废水中COD去除率的影响，结果表明，COD，SS主要污染物去除率达97．0％和95．3％，各项指标超过一级排放标准，水质可以完全回收利用，为造纸废水的处理提供了新的技术方案。     

芦苇制浆废水的生态工程处理

本文主要讨论了生态工程处理芦苇制浆中段废水的工艺流程及其主要组成部分稳定塘和苇田的设计参。通过对工程预期处理效果和生态经济效益分析，认为在可供利用的大片苇田，运用生态工程处理纸浆废水，不仅可以达到控制污染的目的，而且可以取得较好的生态经济效益。     

造纸废液生产单细胞蛋白

探讨生物法处理造纸黑液，单细胞蛋白是通过培养单细胞生物而获得的菌体蛋白质。利用产朊假丝鄄母Ｃ．ｕｔｉｌｉｓ发酵亚硫酸造纸液可生产ＳＣＰ作为动物饲料添加剂。     

A field experimental study of lignin sand stabilizing material (LSSM) extracted from spent-liquor of straw pulping paper mills

A new technique was introduced for sand stabilization and re-vegetation by use of lignin sand stabilizing material(LSSM). LSSM is a reconstructed organic compound with lignin as the most dominant component from the extracts of black-liquor issued by straw pulp paper mills. Unlike the polyvinyl acetate or foamed asphalt commonly used for dune stabilization, the new material is plant-friendly and can be used with virescence actions simultaneously. The field experimental study was conducted since 2001 in China‘s Northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and has been proved that LSSM is effective in stabilizing the fugitive dunes, making the arenaceous plants survive and the bare dune vegetative. The advisable solution concentration is 2% and the optimal field spraying quantity is 2.5L/m^2 The soil nutrients of the stabilized and greened dune, such as organic matter, available phosphorous and total nitrogen are all increased compared with the control treatment, which is certainly helpful to the growth of arenaceous plants. The technique is worthwhile to be popularized because it is provided not only a new method for desertification control but also an outlet for cleaning contaminants issued from the straw paper mills.     

菲降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解酶基因的研究

经过富集从活性污泥中筛选出两株菲降解菌WSCII和WSCIII,经16SrDNA鉴定,它们分别属于鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonassp. )和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp. ),在28℃下4d内对菲( 0. 6g/L)的降解率分别达到了70. 9%和78. 1%;在LB、萘和菲为碳源的培养条件下,测得菌体的双加氧酶比活力不同.在菲的诱导下,两株菌的双加氧酶比活力最高,而以LB和萘为碳源时酶的比活力较低,其中WSCII在萘中不能生长;这表明该酶在两菌中皆为底物诱导表达.以其它菌的萘双加氧酶基因大亚基片段做模板制备异源探针,与两菌总DNA进行斑点杂交;结果表明,这两株菌可能含有不同的菲双加氧酶基因.利用简并引物进行PCR扩增菲双加氧酶,结果仅能从WSCIII的总DNA中扩增得到目的片段,序列分析证明,该基因与已报道的(P. putidaNCIB9816 -4, AF491307 )双加氧酶同源性最高为98%. 图5参10     

碘化钾-淀粉试纸法测定余氯

基于余氯对碘化钾的氧化作用和碘淀粉反应，本文提出了测定余氯的碘化钾－淀粉试纸法。研究了最佳测试条件，用于测定医院污水中的余氯，获得满意结果。测量范围为１．０－１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

中国废纸回收系统物质流分析与评价

构建了2017年中国废纸回收决策系统的基准模型,其中重点关注废纸非规范回收对中国国内废纸回收系统的经济效益和环境（GHG排放量）的影响.其次,对影响废纸回收系统效益的相关参数进行了灵敏度分析,最后在整合非规范回收商贩情境下对系统经济效益和GHG排放量进行了预测.结果表明：2017年中国废纸回收的经济效益约为458.3元/t,GHG排放量为901.1kgCO_2eq;规范回收率和非规范回收接受率都会对系统经济效益和改善GHG排放结构有显著影响;整合非规范回收企业以及个体回收商的情境下2030年经济效益将上升至3312.5元/t,而GHG排放量上升至942.9kgCO_2eq.并且通过情境预测发现整合非规范回收能提升规范回收率,这能有效的规范中国的废纸回收市场.     

Equipment failures and their contribution to industrial incidents and accidents in the manufacturing industry

Accidental events in manufacturing industries can be caused by many factors, including work methods, lack of training, equipment design, maintenance and reliability. This study is aimed at determining the contribution of failures of commonly used industrial equipment, such as machines, tools and material handling equipment, to the chain of causality of industrial accidents and incidents. Based on a case study which aimed at the analysis of an existing pulp and paper company's accident database, this paper examines the number, type and gravity of the failures involved in these events and their causes. Results from this study show that equipment failures had a major effect on the number and severity of accidents accounted for in the database: 272 out of 773 accidental events were related to equipment failure, where 13 of them had direct human consequences. Failures that contributed directly or indirectly to these events are analyzed.