废纸资源化技术研究新进展

介绍了几种废纸资源化的新技术：生产木材、制作农用育苗盒，改善土壤土质、生产动物饲料，采用生物技术生产乳酸等化工产品，生产各种功能材料如复合材料、新型建筑和装饰材料，包装材料、保温材料、耐火材料和除油材料，制造家庭用品和文具，用作燃料。并指出了废纸资源化的发展方向。     

Efficient water use in industries: cases from the Indian agro-based pulp and paper mills

Agro-based pulp and paper mills in India are one of the most polluting industries; in addition, they are high consumers of raw water. Growing scarcity of high quality freshwater as well as stringent regulatory standards is compelling these units to explore appropriate water management options. Based on data obtained through a questionnaire survey and plant visits, this work provides an overview of the water use and effluent treatment status in Indian agro-residue and recycled pulp and paper mills. The challenges faced by this sector are reviewed and practices adopted by progressive units to minimize freshwater use are illustrated through case studies.     

造纸污泥硫化氢释放量及控制研究

研究TCuSO_4、NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2处理液及其浓度对造纸污泥硫化氢释放量的影响.结果表明.随各处理液浓度增大,硫化氢释放量有不同程度的减少;各种处理液均能明显降低造纸污泥硫化氢释放量,效果从好到差依次为CuSO_4、NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2;CuSO_4的除臭机制是铜离子抑制细菌生长,同时与硫化氢反应生成不溶的CuS;而NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2除臭机制是抑制细菌生长和氧化硫化氢产生单质硫;干污泥硫化氢释放量比湿污泥大.     

Paper electrophoretic separations of some common pesticides : Determination of monocrotophos,rogor and malathion in soil samples

Abstract

Paper electrophoretic movements of a number of pesticides belonging to organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyethroid groups in various acid background electrolytes have been studied. The effect of pH and pKa of the acids on the movement of these pesticides have also been studied. It has been observed that the movement of most of the pesticides is enhanced with increase in the degree of ionisation of the acids (pKa) studied as background electrolytes. The movement also increases with increase in the pH of acids. On the basis of differential movement of pesticides towards cathode and anode, a number of separations have been achieved from binary mixtures. Monocrotophos, rogor and malathion have been determined quantitatively (28.6 ‐ 29.2 μg) in alcoholic extracts of soil samples.     

Optimal site selection for fluting paper mill from agricultural wastes in Golestan Province,Iran

Today, the issue of site selection for industrial units in developing countries which are poor in wood resources is considered as a vital matter and it is one of the key measures in the process of building industrial and giving service units. In every country there are some provinces and states which are more useful than other parts owing to primary infrastructures and facilities for industrialisation. As one of the suitable provinces of Iran, thanks to its lignocelluloses resources with 1,822,696 tons of exploitable waste, Golestan Province has a very good potential for building lignocelluloses products mills, such as fluting paper. For this end, in 2010, effective indices in fluting paper mill establishment were recognised in Golestan Province. Results showed that materials and products were the most important main indices and the preparation cost of raw materials was the most important sub-index. Finally, questionnaires were prepared for the best site selection and choices were evaluated according to the structure of interests and costs. The results of calculations performed through analytical hierarchy processes and in Expert Choice Software indicated that Gonbad City had the highest interest/cost ratio, and therefore, it is the best place for the establishment of floating paper mills from agricultural wastes in Golestan Province.     

《自然资源学报》1986—2015年零被引论文分析

为达到减少零被引论文发表数量、提高期刊质量与影响力的目的,在中国知网中检索了《自然资源学报》1986—2015年发表的论文作为研究的源数据,从刊文量及零被引率的变化、下载频次分布、作者情况、基金资助情况、所属学科领域等5个方面对零被引论文进行了详细的分析。研究结果表明：1）从季刊到双月刊和月刊,刊文量增加了,但零被引论文比例却没有随刊文量的增加而增加;2）零被引论文虽暂未被引用,但仍然存在一定程度的下载量,将来有可能被引,但也是低被引论文;3）作者分布方面,学生占比较大,因博士研究生是发文主流导致零被引论文中博士研究生人数多于硕士研究生,初、中级职称多于副高级、高级职称,由于高等院校和研究院所是投稿主力,因发文基数大导致零被引论文中高等院校和研究院所多于地方机构,作者群人数以1人为主,机构数量以1个为主;4）论文被引与否和基金资助数量和类别相关性不大;5）零被引论文学科分布以土壤学、地学、气象学和环境生物学为主。最后提出相应对策,建议通过“作者-审稿专家-编辑协同控制”过程,减少科技期刊零被引论文的产生,从而提高科技期刊的学术水平和影响力。     

Morpho-histological and enzymatic alterations in earthworms Drawida willsi and Lampito mauritii exposed to urea,phosphogypsum and paper mill sludge

The effects of varying concentrations of urea, phosphogypsum and paper mill sludge (PMS) on the morphology, histology, tissue protein content, lipid peroxidation (LPX), activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase in earthworms Drawida willsi and Lampito mauritii have been studied over an exposure period of 24?hr. Integumentary lesions, clitellar swelling and loss of pigmentations were found to be major morpho-pathological changes in the worms. Histology indicated cuticular damage, ruptured epithelium and muscle fibres with accumulation of cellular debris. Lowest tissue protein content (57.02?±?4.02?mg/g tissue) and highest LPX (0.113?±?0.04, 0.137?±?0.08?nmol/mg protein) were noticed in D. willsi at a high concentration of PMS, whereas highest tissue protein content was observed in L. mauritii (115.32?±?7.18?mg/g tissue) with the same treatment. In both the species, LDH activity was minimum at a high concentration of urea (0.172?±?0.02; 0.247?±?0.08?U/mg protein). AChE activity was highest (0.099?±?0.002?U/mg protein) at a high concentration of PMS in D. willsi, whereas catalase activity was the maximum (0.338?±?0.02?U/mg protein) at high concentrations of PMS in L. mauritii. The study indicated that morpho-histological and enzymatic alterations in these earthworms exposed to agrochemicals could be useful biomarkers to evaluate soil toxicity.     

日本关于制浆造纸厂排水的生物影响研究现状

日本自１９９４年以来的近６年中，对全国近２０个制浆造纸厂排水进行了生物影响实验研究，研究内容主要是排水对生物急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、慢性毒性实验与二恶英分析、采用食物链上不同等级的三类水生生物与发光菌等为实验生物、毒性指标主要有ＬＣ５０、ＩＣ２０、ＩＣ５０、ＥＣ１０、ＥＣ３０、ＬＯＥＣ、ＮＯＥＣ等，排水的ＣＯＤ／ＢＯＤ比值也与生物毒性具相关性。     

物化-生化组合工艺处理造纸化学品废水的中试研究

针对造纸化学品生产废水具有成分复杂,可生化性差,有机物、NH3-N、Cl-浓度高的特点,采用"初沉池-悬浮生物滤池(A/O)-混凝沉淀池-催化氧化池-硝化滤池"组合工艺对造纸化学品生产废水进行了中试研究,取得很好的处理效果。结果表明,在进水COD为4 832～12 846 mg/L,NH3-N为39～430 mg/L,Cl-为3 200～15 000 mg/L的情况下,处理后出水COD小于500 mg/L,NH3-N小于35 mg/L,主要指标达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)三级标准。     

制浆厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂

以制浆厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2法、H2SO4法和KOH法3种化学活化法制备活性炭吸附剂,并对产物吸附苯酚性能的影响因素进行比较分析.结果表明,采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法制备的活性炭吸附剂的效果明显优于KOH法,ZnCl2法为最佳制备方法,在其最佳制备条件下(ZnCl2浓度3 mol/L,活化温度800℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率20℃/min)制得的活性炭比表面积可达到500.98 m2/g,得率为46.9％,对苯酚的去除率为70.4％.采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法在最佳制备条件下可以制备孔径分布较宽,中孔结构发达的活性炭.