鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲤、鲫的随机扩增多态DNA分析

利用RAPD（随机扩增多态）标记分析湖内鲤、鲫群体遗传多样性，从40个随机引物中各筛选出8个引物适合鲤、鲫群体RAPD扩增。在鲤群体中，共检测出60条带，其中多态性带42条，多态位点比率为70.00%；而在鲫群体中，共检测出61条带，其中多态性带40条，多态位点比率为65.57%。用POPGENE软件分析实验数据，结果显示：湖内鲤群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.230 1，H0=0.391 0)和鲫群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.218 6，H0=0.375 8)都较高，都有较大的遗传变异。而在鲤、鲫群体内，雌性群体与雄性群体相比较，其各自的遗传多样性很接近。     

水体铜对黄河鲤Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响

为了研究不同浓度的水体铜对黄河鲤Na -K -ATP酶活性的影响,采用ρ(Cu2 )为0.01,0.05,0.10,0.30,0.50,0.70和1.00 mg/L的试验液分别刺激黄河鲤1,3,5和7 d后,测定黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性.结果表明:Cu2 对黄河鲤的96 h LC50为1.67 mg/L;低浓度Cu2 (ρ(Cu2 )为0.01和0.05 mg/L)对黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性有促进作用,且随着ρ(Cu2 )的增加和暴露时间的延长,促进作用也越明显(P<0.05);黄河鲤暴露于0.10 mg/L的Cu2 溶液时,鳃组织Na -K -ATP酶活性5 d后显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性与对照组相比,差异不显著;高浓度Cu2 (ρ(Cu2 )为0.30,0.50,0.70和1.00 mg/L)对黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性有抑制作用,且随着ρ(Cu2 )的增加和暴露时间的延长,抑制作用也越明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).提示黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性对铜的污染均具有指示作用(其中最为灵敏的是鳃组织Na -K -ATP酶活性),且存在计量-效应关系和时间-效应关系,可以用来指示低剂量重金属的污染.     

Histopathological alterations in gill,liver and kidney of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos

Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/L) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. Gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of the lamellar epithelium, rupture of pillar cells and necrosis. Alterations in hepatocytes were more pronounced, including nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, irregular contour of cells and nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, cellular rupture, pyknotic nucleus, necrosis and melanomacrophages aggregations. Histopathological lesions in kidney were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, narrowing of tubular lumen, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hyaline droplet degeneration, nuclear degeneration, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular regeneration, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus and hemorrhage in Bowman's space. The most significant conclusion drawn from this study was that with the increased concentration and duration the toxicosis of chlorpyrifos would be enhanced as shown through the analysis of mean assessment value (MAV) and degree of tissue changes (DTC) also.