投加阳离子聚合物加速UASB反应器中颗粒污泥形成

运行2个UASB反应器,研究常温低浓度进水条件下,投加阳离子季胺盐絮凝剂对厌氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。一个反应器中投加阳离子季胺盐絮凝剂（称A反应器）,另一个反应器作为对照不投加絮凝剂（称B反应器）。经过196 d的运行,2个反应器中均形成了活性较高、沉降性能良好的颗粒污泥。A反应器中的污泥颗粒更多、粒径更大,粒径＞0.5 mm的污泥颗粒的百分比比B反应器的多16%～19.3%。研究结果表明,投加阳离子聚合物加速了颗粒污泥的形成,提高了颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性和沉降性能。     

粉末凹凸棒石对水溶性阳离子染料废水的脱色研究

本文研究了凹凸棒石粘土处理阳离子染料废水的吸附脱色规律。结果表明,粉末凹凸棒石对水溶性阳离子染料具有优良的脱色效果。例如,染料初始浓度１００ｍｇ·ｌ＾－１（色度相当于２２００￣４０００倍）,粘土投加量０．５％,七种被研究的阳离子染料废水平均脱色率近９９％,吸附机理主要是离子交换。     

混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂废水

以聚合氯化铝铁为混凝剂、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,采用混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂（ABS）废水（简称废水）,考察了聚合氯化铝铁加入量、沉降时间、搅拌转速、搅拌时间、废水pH和混凝温度对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在聚合氯化铝铁加入量50mg／L、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺加入量2mg／L、废水pH6．0～8．0、快速搅拌1min、慢速搅拌6min、沉降时间25min、混凝温度20～25℃的条件下,废水的SS去除率达97％以上,COD去除率达77％以上。     

脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂对Cr~(3+)的吸附和解吸性能

研究了脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂(简称树脂)对Cr3+的吸附和解吸性能。在溶液初始Cr3+质量浓度为250mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为5的条件下,树脂对Cr3+的吸附量最大。Cr3+质量浓度在实验范围内,等温吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,最大吸附量为18.6208mg/g。树脂对Cr3+的吸附在吸附时间为180min时趋于平衡,且吸附为液膜扩散控制。随吸附温度的升高(10～55℃),树脂对Cr3+的吸附量略有增加。用质量分数为5%的HCl溶液可将吸附在树脂上的Cr3+解吸,解吸率近100%,且重复5次吸附和解吸过程,树脂对Cr3+的吸附量基本保持不变。     

Pesticide adsorption on a calcareous soil modified with sewage sludge and quaternary alkyl-ammonium cationic surfactants

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Pesticides are often found in soil as a result of their application to control pests. They can be transported on soil particles to surface waters or they can lixiviate and reach other environmental compartments. Soil modification with amendments, such as sewage sludge, and with surfactants, h been proposed to reduce pesticide environmental fate. METHODS: The sorption of atrazine, methidathion and diazinon using the batch technique has been studied on non-modified soil and soil modified with sewage sludge and cationic surfactants, as well as the effect of their addition on soil properties such as organic carbon (OC) content and exchange cations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The OC content of the surfactant modified soils was the highest with the surfactant with the longest hydrocarbon chain (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, HDTMA). The results of the OC content run in parallel with the increase in pesticide retention. When the sorption was n malized to soil OC content, the retention induced by addition of HDTMA was still the highest, which is an indication that the organic matter derived from the organic cations is a more effective medium to retain dissolved contaminants, than organic matter from native soil. The addition of sewage sludge to the soil did only result in a slight increase of the soil CEC and, hence, moderately affected the ability of the cationic surfactant to retain the pesticides. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of cationic surfactants to soil would possibly reduce the movement to groundwater of atrazine, methidathion and diazinon. In the case of HDTMA, the decrease in sorption at high surfactant loadings was very slow, being that the surfactant was able to retain the pesticides at concentration values which clearly exceeded the monolayer coverage. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Contamination by pesticides, which are present in the soil due to their direct input in this medium or to spills or illegal tipping, may be hindered from migration to groundwater by application of a cationic surfactant.     

改性聚丙烯酰胺固定化苯酚降解菌的研究

利用自制的改性聚丙烯酰胺为载体包埋苯酚降解菌,考查了该载体对细胞性能的影响,比较了4种固定化方法--改性聚丙烯酰胺法、聚丙烯酰胺法、海藻酸钙法和聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙法包埋微生物细胞的优劣.实验结果表明,单体丙烯酰胺经改性后制得的改性聚丙烯酰胺对微生物细胞活性无影响.以其为载体固定苯酚降解菌,其细胞相对活性比聚丙烯酰胺法高出了42.4%;比海藻酸钙法高出了16.4%;比聚乙烯醇.海藻酸钙法高出了44.3%,表明改性聚丙烯酰胺包埋细胞更有利于细胞的增殖和活性恢复.重复应用实验表明,改性聚丙烯酰胺法得到的细胞凝胶,机械强度好,有弹性,可多次重复利用.改性聚丙烯酰胺作为细胞固定化载体其优点是交联速度快、聚合放热温度低、在侧链发生交联反应、抗水解能力强、无毒、凝胶寿命长.