Anthropogenic effects on the biodiversity of riparian wetlands of a northern temperate landscape

Land uses such as forestry and agriculture are presumed to degrade the biodiversity of riparian wetlands in the northern temperate regions of the United States. In order to improve land use decision making in this landscape, floral and faunal communities of 15 riparian wetlands associated with low-order streams were related to their surrounding land cover to establish which organismal groups are affected by anthropogenic disturbance and whether these impacts are scale-specific. Study sites were chosen to represent a gradient of disturbance. Vascular plants of wet meadow and shrub carr communities, aquatic macro-invertebrates, amphibians, fish and birds were surveyed, and total abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity were calculated. For each site, anthropogenic disturbances were evaluated at local and landscape scales (500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 m from the site and the site catchment) from field surveys and a geographic information system (GIS). Land use data were grouped into six general land use types: urban, cultivated, rangeland, forest, wetland and water. Shrub carr vegetation, bird and fish diversity and richness generally decrease with increasing cultivation in the landscape. Amphibian abundance decreases and fish abundance increases as the proportions of open water and rangeland increases; bird diversity and richness increase with forest and wetland extent in the landscape. Wet meadow vegetation, aquatic macro-invertebrates, amphibians and fish respond to local disturbances or environmental conditions. Shrub carr vegetation, amphibians and birds are influenced by land use at relatively small landscape scales (500 and 1000 m), and fish respond to land use at larger landscape scales (2500, 5000 m and the catchment). Effective conservation planning for these riparian wetlands requires assessment of multiple organismal groups, different types of disturbance and several spatial scales.1998 Academic Press     

达里诺尔湿地水化学特征与发展态势

本文对达里诺尔湿地水环境１９７５年以来的监测数据进行了研究，结果表明：水环境以含盐量高、碱度强为主要化学特征。而且随着含势量和总碱度的增加，湿地水质有恶化趋势。     

螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型对去除生活污水中氮效果的初探

用一种新型螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型处理生活污水，使污水经过多次反复接触湿地基质，达到对污水中铵态氯、硝态氯、总氯的去除效果：试验通过时湿地土壤、水样中氯含量的测定分析，研究了螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型主要组成部分截留氯的优势所在．为优化人工湿地模型内部构造及分析除氮机理提供了可靠的依据。     

水生植物在滇池湿地景观设计中的应用

以滇池湿地景观设计为研究对象，介绍了水生植物在湿地景观设计中的作用和原则以及水生植物的选择、配置和生物浮岛技术的运用。     

湿地生态系统的构建及其在污染水体修复中的应用

介绍了湿地生态系统,以及其概念、类型、分布、功能和构建,分析了我国城市污水回用的方式及存在的问题,阐述了人工湿地生态系统的机理及在污水回用中具有的高效率、低投资、低运转费、低维持技术、处理量灵活、低能耗、处理效果好等优点,说明人工湿地生态系统在城市污水回用中是可行的.     

大连市海域环境污染状况及治理建议

近岸海域水环境是海岸带生态环境的重要组成部分,尤其是近岸海域的水质状况对海岸带生态环境有重要影响,根据大连市近岸海域环境污染状况调查材料,评价了近岸海域环境质量现状,指出了近岸海域环境存在的突出问题,提出了治理海域污染的建议.     

京津冀适水型工业结构调整研究

京津冀地区是我国工业发展的核心区域之一 ,大耗水型的重化工结构突出 ,长期发展造成了地区水资源供需的尖锐矛盾 ,并导致了严重的区域环境问题。论文提出了以水资源高效利用为引导机制 ,调整工业结构,建立适水型工业体系是此地区工业发展的必然选择的观点 ;阐述了优化城市工业结构,发展清洁生产,建立滨海产业的建议与措施     

间歇式潜流人工湿地中COD、NH_4-N动态变化特征

采用酸化、两段间歇流人工湿地处理生活污水。废水经酸化预处理后 ,COD平均去除率 30 % ,NH4 N平均去除率 13 6 3%。第 1段人工湿地为潜流 ,周期 12h ,进水 6h ,排水 6h ,水力停留时间 (HRT) 3d ,COD去除率 6 0 %～ 80 % ,最高达 88 5 6 % ;NH4 N去除率 5 0 %～ 70 %。第 2段人工湿地为下行流 ,周期 2 4h,进水 12h ,排水 12h ,HRT 1d ,COD平均去除率 5 3 2 % ;NH4 N平均去除率大于 99%。对第 1段湿地中COD、NH4 N空间变化的研究表明 ,间歇运行所产生的大气复氧对COD、NH4 N的去除具有明显的强化作用。COD的去除基本不受温度影响 ,而NH4 N的去除受温度影响较大     

长乐—南澳构造带的变形—变质作用

长乐—南澳构造带在中生代时期经历了多幕构造变形和多期变质作用。它们分别是:高角闪岩相变质作用—第一幕变形;低角闪岩相变质作用—第二幕变形;绿片岩相变质作用—第三幕变形。每一幕变形和每期变质作用均有各自的构造形迹和典型矿物共生组合。