低剂量La(Ⅲ)与酸雨对大豆幼苗生长及光合作用的复合影响

为探索稀上元素镧与酸雨对大豆幼苗生长和光合作用的复合影响,以大豆幼苗为试材.采用水培法培养,模拟酸雨和镧处理试材.结果表明,在酸雨(AR_1/pH=3.0,AR_2/pH=4.0,AR_3/pH=5.0)单独作用下,各项生长指标均低于对照组,呈现明显的剂量-效应关系;在稀士La(RE_1/20 mg·L~(-1),RE_2/60 mg·L~(-1),RE_3/100 mg·L~(-1))单独作用下,生长指标呈现明显的"低促高抑"规律.RE+AR复合作用影响下,RE_1和AR复合对大豆幼茵生长抑制程度低于AR单独作用,表现为拮抗效应,RE_2、RE_3与AR对大豆幼苗的复合影响表现为协同作用.大豆幼苗的Chl含量和P_n,与其他乍长指标呈现相似的变化规律,研究表明AR、RE及AR+RE对植物光合作用的影响是其影响植物生长的主要因素之一.     

负载型混晶相TiO2光催化剂的低温制备及其光催化活性

以蒙皂石为载体，钛酸四丁酯为前驱物，在较低温度下由溶胶凝胶法制备得到负载型TiO₂光催化剂。研究了理论负载量、固定化温度、干燥、焙烧温度对TiO₂/蒙皂石复合光催化剂光催化性能的影响。采用XRD分析技术对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，负载的TiO₂以锐钛矿-金红石的混晶相存在。当TiO₂理论负载量为15 mmol/g、溶胶反应温度为25℃、干燥温度为70℃时，TiO₂/蒙皂石复合光催化剂对偶氮染料光催化反应1 h降解率达93.40%。该制备技术的特点是在省去高温焙烧的条件下，制备出光催化活性高的负载型光催化剂。     

化学沉降沸石吸附法处理高浓度电镀含锌废水的研究

含锌废水对人体健康和环境具有严重的危害性。处理高浓度的含锌废水时需先进行化学沉降,然后再进行深度处理。试验结果证明,对于含289 mg/L Zn2+的电镀废水,用质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠处理,其投加量为3.7 mL/100 mL,处理后的Zn2+的浓度为6.6 mg/L。再用沸石进行吸附,沸石用量为0.25 g/L,搅拌(110 r/min)50 min,处理后,废水的锌离子去除率最高可达88.8%,剩余Zn2+浓度为0.47 mg/L,远低于《国家污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-2002)的一级标准。     

Modelling tritium flux from water to atmosphere: application to the Loire River

Tritium (³H or T) is one of the major radionuclides released by nuclear power plants (NPP) into rivers. However, tritiated water (HTO) flux from water to air is seldom considered when assessing health effects of such releases. The aim of this paper is to present the result of a research program, called LORA, conducted on the Loire River (France). To improve our understanding of HTO flux from surface water to air, three field campaigns were organised during the NPP’s radioactive releases to measure simultaneously the activity concentrations in air on the riverbank, using an innovative system, and in river water. The measurements showed that during radioactive releases, water vapour was enriched in ³H. These results were used to calibrate exchange velocities. The average of these estimated exchange velocities was more than one order of magnitude higher than those calculated in the literature from indoor experiments. The variability of these values was also larger, showing that outdoor studies cover a wide range of conditions influencing HTO flux. No correlation was observed between exchanges velocities and meteorological conditions. However, there was a significant difference between day and night with a higher value observed during the day. Two approaches used to calculate HTO evaporation from water (i.e. the approach based on water evaporation and the approach considering that HTO follows its own concentration gradient) were included in a hydrodynamic model, which was used to evaluate HTO air activity along the Loire River. In conclusion, only the approach considering that HTO follows its own gradient led to a good agreement between measurements and predictions. A one-year simulation was done to estimate the contribution of this process to the dose. Its contribution can be considered as negligible in this case compared to the other pathways such as ingestion of water or foodstuffs.     

Community Tolerance Comparison As A New and Sensitive Ecotoxicological Tool

The demonstration of an increased tolerance to a pollutant is direct evidence that this pollutant has presented a selection pressure upon a population or community. Recently, pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) has been applied to the benthic community in a metal-enriched estuary to establish causal linkage between observed changes in community structure and composition and the presence of copper. This paper describes the rationale and methodology behind applying PICT to the marine benthic environment, and shows it to be a sensitive ecotoxicological tool. It also presents a case study, demonstrating how a PICT investigation has aided the interpretation of changes in a benthic community, establishing a causal linkage between these changes in the community and the presence of a specific pollutant.     

Models for Initial Allocation of Emission Permits in a River Basin During Industrial Development： A Case Study of Huaihe River Basin, China

At present,water pollutant emission trading plays an increasingly important role in pollution control in many foreign countries,and its pilot studies and demonstration have also been started in China.In order to solve the problem of initial allocation of emission permits: premise and basis of emission trading in a river basin,basic principles on initial allocation of actual emission permits in China are put forward.And it is thought that local development stage of industry should be taken into full account for initial allocation model of emission permits.There are five different allocation models in different development stages of industry,including models like distribution according to needs,improved same-rate reduction,performance,integration and environmental capacity,etc.The initial allocation of emission permits in various basins should choose a suitable model in accordance with their respective development stages.It is suggested in this article that integrated allocation model should be a main choice for current development stage of industry in China.     

两级序批式MBR除磷特性实验研究

为解决常规MBR工艺中脱氮除磷矛盾问题,采用新的工艺形式——两级序批式MBR工艺(两级SBMBR),对该工艺的除磷特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,在系统稳定运行阶段,SBMBR1内聚磷菌优势生长,进水总磷得以高效去除,再通过SBMBR2内膜的进一步截留,系统TP平均值0.46 mg/L,满足城市景观环境用水水质要求;在沉淀期间,POAs的释磷作用对生物除磷系统的影响甚至超过了水中剩余悬浮富磷污泥颗粒本身的影响,所以在满足沉淀要求的前提下,生物除磷系统应注意尽量缩短沉淀时间。     

Use of the MicroResp™ method to assess pollution-induced community tolerance to metals for lotic biofilms

Understanding the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems and the impact of anthropogenic contamination requires correlating exposure to toxicants with impact on biological communities. Several tools exist for assessing the ecotoxicity of substances, but there is still a need for new tools that are ecologically relevant and easy to use. We have developed a protocol based on the substrate-induced respiration of a river biofilm community, using the MicroResp™ technique, in a pollution-induced community tolerance approach. The results show that MicroResp™ can be used in bioassays to assess the toxicity toward biofilm communities of a wide range of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag, Ni, Fe, Co, Al and As). Moreover, a community-level physiological profile based on the mineralization of different carbon substrates was established. Finally, the utility of MicroResp™ was confirmed in an in-situ study showing gradient of tolerance to copper correlated to a contamination gradient of this metal in a small river.     

王水消解-冷原子荧光法测定土壤中的微量汞

建立了一种用王水水浴消解土壤样品一冷原子荧光测定土壤中的微量汞的分析方法。在优化实验条件下，方法的检出限为0.010 2ug／L；土壤中汞的回收率为95％-109％；测定下限为0.01ug／g。该方法具有操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好等优点。     

高危作业有害因素控制水平监测预警系统的设计

为了对高危作业有害因素的预防控制水平动态评估和决策，本文运用信息监测预警的基本原理和理论，提出高危作业有害因素控制水平监测预警系统的指标体系，构建出高危作业有害因素控制水平监测预警体系和运行模式。通过该监测预警系统的运行，可以科学的判断出应关注的控制技术（检测、评价、防护、应急救援、职业病诊断），应重点关注的有害因素，某项具体有害因素应该制定的具体标准等。