Polyelectrolyte Flocculation of Waste Activated Sludge in Decanter Centrifuge Applications: Lab Evaluation by a Centrifugal Compaction Test

Abstract This article introduces a centrifugal compaction (spin tube) test to thoroughly evaluate polyelectrolyte conditioning on lab scale. In contrast to the well-known and widely applied existing tests (e.g., the beaker, the Jar settling, the free drainage, and the [sheared] capillary suction time test), the proposed spin tube test has a clear relation with the dewatering process taking place in a decanter centrifuge. First, based on the theory of centrifugal compaction, the solids stress of separate layers of sludge cake (obtained after spinning sludge in a lab centrifuge) is calculated. Next, the test was applied to assess in the lab the performance of three different polymers by evaluating the obtained sludge dryness. To verify and/or compare the results obtained with the spin tube tests, sheared capillary suction time tests were conducted and floc size distributions were analyzed. Finally, two of the three polymers evaluated in the lab were applied in the industrial sludge dewatering and drying sys...     

世博会展馆内的空气微生物污染控制

文章研究了世博会展馆内空气微生物污染的控制问题。研究表明,参观人数为400人／小时的情况下,展馆内微生物气溶胶产生量达到44000cfu／h·m^3。空调过滤系统若采用中效过滤,展馆内空气微生物浓度可至4406cfu／m^3,仍超过《室内空气质量标准》2500cfu／m^3的浓度限值,需使用消毒技术净化展馆内空气。增加中效过滤器能够有效去除可吸入颗粒物,有助于降低室内空气微生物浓度。     

新型光电检测技术在污泥处理中的应用

通过实验研究和理论分析,讨论了将透光脉动检测技术应用到污泥处理的过程中。结果表明,这项检测技术能够准确而灵敏地反映污泥的絮凝颗粒粒径的变化情况,是对污泥调理和脱水性能进行连续在线控制的一项有效检测指标。     

减排节能电除尘新技术应用研究

2012年中国开始正式实施更加严格的烟尘排放新标准,目前在国内各大火电厂燃煤锅炉排烟温度等工况条件超出设计工艺要求以及除尘设备比收尘面积偏低等情况仍较为普遍,导致新建和现役的许多电除尘器均面临着降低烟尘排放的压力。主要阐述了电除尘器几种先进的节能减排新技术,探讨了在新排放标准下,如何结合各电厂的实际情况,合理运用先进的电除尘组合技术,以取得最大化的节能减排效益。     

中央空调智能控制系统在公用建筑节能中的应用

介绍了某建筑应用以PLC为核心,以采集和分析空调系统运行数据为依据,以调整冷冻机组输出冷量和对循环泵等水泵进行变频调速为方法的中央空调智能控制系统,分析其如何达到降低空调运行能耗的目的。     

Effect of sludge treatment on the bioaccumulation of nonylphenol in grass grown on sludge-amended soil

We studied the accumulation of p353-nonylphenol residues in the biomass of grass grown in soil amended with sewage sludge submitted to various conditioning/dewatering treatments. Incubation experiments were conducted growing Poa pratensis in sludge-amended soils and applying one ¹⁴C-labelled isomer of nonylphenol in the different systems. More metabolites than parent compounds were recovered in both roots and leaves of the grass. The type of sludge conditioning and dewatering treatment had a slight effect on the bioaccumulation of nonylphenol and its metabolites. When the grass was cultivated in soils amended with dewatered sludge without conditioning pretreatment, an increased accumulation was observed in the roots, while the final biomass of the grass was lower.     

制革污泥中铬的生物脱除及其对污泥的调理作用

构建了一个以70L生物淋滤反应器为主体的制革污泥生物除铬的工艺.实际运行结果表明,采用特异的硫杆菌TS6,反应6d,制革污泥中Cr溶出率可达到87 4%.随后进行的污泥沉降与离心脱水试验表明,生物淋滤具有显著的污泥调理功效,显著提高污泥沉降与机械脱水性能.生物淋滤处理的污泥,经12h的静置沉降,污泥体积可减少57 2%,并且无需添加任何絮凝剂,即可取得良好的机械脱水效果.生物淋滤处理导致的污泥体系pH的下降与Fe3 浓度的上升可能是污泥沉降与脱水性能得以改善的主要原因.     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

微波辐射对净水厂污泥脱水性能及分形结构的影响

对净水厂污泥在2450MHz微波作用下的调质效果进行了研究,结果表明,污泥比阻随着微波功率的增大和辐射时间的增长而下降,700W微波辐射10min能使500ml含水率为98%的污泥比阻下降73%,经微波调质(700W,5min)后,污泥颗粒变得粗大化,30-50μm范围内的污泥颗粒数增多,平均粒径由30.73μm增加至33.29μm;污泥颗粒的分形维数由1.712提高到1.724.     

脱水污泥热调质的特性

热调质方法是污泥深度脱水的有效办法之一。研究结果表明,污泥热调质过程中反应温度和反应时间对污泥热调质效果影响较大,搅拌速度影响较小。当反应温度从160℃升至180℃,反应时间从30 min增至60 min时,污泥溶液中挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)急剧溶解,释放出细胞里的结合水,表明污泥细胞破壁的温度条件为160～180℃,时间条件为45～60 min。热调质后污泥的比阻变化较大。随着反应温度的不断提高,比阻不断减小,污泥的脱水性能越来越好。实验确定了污泥热调质的最佳反应条件为:反应温度180℃,反应时间60 min,搅拌转速30 r/min。在此条件下,压滤后泥饼含水率约50%,滤液中COD浓度可达19 000 mg/L,有利于后续污泥的消化。