某型导弹尾翼弹簧贮存寿命评估

应力松弛是弹簧的主要失效形式之一,温度对其影响明显。利用温度加速试验方法,对某尾翼弹簧的贮存寿命进行了研究。设计并制造了弹簧的应力松弛试验装置,利用该装置对弹簧设计了4个试验温度点,并以弹簧应力损失率下降10％为失效指标,根据阿伦尼乌斯方程对弹簧进行了贮存寿命预测,评估了该弹簧在室温条件下的贮存寿命。     

水位变动对库区边坡稳定性的影响机理研究

利用数值模拟手段,对选定的库区边坡进行稳定性分析,得到了不同水位变动情况下的边坡稳定情况。认为水位的变动类型和变动率会对边坡的稳定造成影响,但影响效果不一样。从数学解析角度出发,推导出了库区水位上升与下降时,水力梯度与水流渗透方向、边坡倾斜角度三者之间较为理想化的关系形式。在此基础上,对边坡体内不同部位的水流情况以及所带来的影响进行了分析。进一步的,还从有效应力的角度,对水位变动影响边坡稳定性的机理进行了研究,且由不同方法所得的结论能够较好的相互印证。     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in northeast China

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekimensis） and soybean （Glycine max） as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead （Pb） as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant （P〈0.01） linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2＋ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly （P〈0.05） synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2＋ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor.     

Comparative analysis of the effect of predator odor on morphological and physiological parameters of adult male Campbell hamsters (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phodopus campbelli</Emphasis>) and dwarf hamsters (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phodopus sungorus</Emphasis>)

The effect of long-term exposure to natural excretions of the European polecat on the morphological parameters and hormonal status of adult male Campbell hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) and dwarf hamsters (Ph. sungorus) was studied. Exposure to volatile components of natural excreta of a potential predator did not have any significant effect on hamsters. The combined influence of volatile and nonvolatile components of the polecat’s excretions caused physiological stress in Ph. campbelli, while in Ph. sungorus, on the contrary, an increase in thymus weight and the plasma testosterone level was recorded.     

外源水杨酸对Pb2+胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为了研究水杨酸对重金属胁迫下植物幼苗的缓解效应,以玉米叶片的叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质量比和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及过氧化物酶(POD)与超氧化物酶(SOD)活性为指标,采用水培法研究了不同质量浓度水杨酸对150 mg/L Pb2+胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明,经30 mg/L水杨酸缓解后受迫玉米幼苗的根长、株高和根系活性明显增加,叶片的叶绿素、游离脯氨酸与可溶性蛋白质量比均明显提高,叶片的SOD与POD活性均高于对照组和各处理组,且叶片的MDA含量显著降低.外源水杨酸可通过正向调控植物物质与能量代谢,以及保护酶系统活性来维持细胞膜的稳定性,并有效减缓膜脂过氧化进程,缓解了Pb2+胁迫对玉米幼苗的毒害.     

埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力研究

研究了导致埋地热油管道泄漏裂纹开裂的应力机制,采用有限元方法对埋地热油管道进行模拟计算,求得热-结构耦合作用下管道整体当量应力变化云图,并得出管道弯管处应力高于直管段应力的结论;继而采用电阻应变测试法对埋地热油管道的弯管处进行实时应力测定,并绘制了各测点的轴向和周向应力变化曲线,通过各测点应力比较得出弯管内侧有两点应力波动幅值偏大,弯管外侧4号测点处轴向应力超过管材的屈服点。结果表明:在结构-热应力耦合作用下,埋地热油管道在弯管外侧轴向应力最大,易有I型裂纹萌生并扩展,在弯管内侧易有疲劳裂纹萌生并扩展。     

六价铬高富集植物筛选的研究

通过测定人工培育的植物体内铬的含量,研究不同浓度的六价铬胁迫对不同植物的生长状况,株高、根长、鲜物质量、干物质量和铬富集的影响以及胁迫前后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及丙二醛(M DA)的含量变化.目的是筛选出重金属Cr高富集植物,为铬污染土壤的植物修复提供理论依据.结果表明,人工种植的植物中蓖麻的耐重金属Cr的能力较强,对铬的富集量也较高,可以作为一种铬的高富集植物,对于蓖麻果实中铬含量的消除有待作进一步研究.     

Tualang honey supplementation improves oxidative stress status among chronic smokers

Free radicals induced by cigarette smoking have been linked to an increase in oxidative stress resulting in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases. However, the possible effect of honey that has antioxidant property in improving oxidative stress status among smokers has not yet been reported. Hence, this study was to determine the effects of 12-week Tualang honey supplementation on F₂-isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total antioxidant status among chronic smokers. A total of 32 non-smokers and 64 chronic smokers were recruited from Quit Smoking Clinic and Health Campus, Universiti Sains, Malaysia. Smokers were randomized into two groups (n = 32/group) namely smokers without supplementation and smokers with honey supplementation (20 g/day) for 12 weeks. Blood was obtained from non-smokers and smokers at pre-intervention and from smokers at post-intervention. During pre-intervention, the levels/activity of F₂-isoprostanes, total antioxidant status, and catalase were significantly higher while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in smokers than non-smokers. During post-intervention, in supplemented smokers, there were significant decrease in F₂-isoprostanes and increase in total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels/activities compared with pre-intervention. This study indicates that honey supplementation improves oxidative stress status suggesting a beneficial role of honey in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.