Assesment of disinfection by‐products removal by ozonation coupled with adsorption

This research work was performed to evaluate ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption processes from the view‐point of controlling the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). Both the humic acid and raw water were first preozonated and then adsorbed on the activated carbon to assess the potency for removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and DBPs. The disinfection by‐product including THMs and HAAs, in principle, can be successfully removed through a use of the ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption processes. However, in practice dealing with the raw water, it is necessary to introduce the pilot‐plant to obtain the design and operation guidelines for the water treatment plant through the ICA (Instrumentation Control and Automation) program in our future research work.     

饮用水有机类消毒副产物毒理学研究方法进展

伴随着饮用水消毒技术的改进,有机类消毒副产物(DBPs)的种类日趋多样化,其生物毒性和健康风险受到广泛关注。基于国内外对DBPs毒理学效应的研究成果,结合消毒技术的发展历程,对有机类DBPs进行了系统的分类,针对含碳消毒副产物(C-DBPs)和含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)中典型的DBPs的毒理学研究方法进行了详细的介绍,在此基础上分析了相关研究的不足之处和发展趋势,对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

生物一体化反应器处理医院污水

采用一体化生物反应器-消毒工艺处理大庆地区某医院污水,处理效果良好且工艺运行稳定。介绍了工艺流程、主要设备及工艺的调试及运行。运行结果表明:出水COD、氨氮、SS分别低于50,10,15 mg/L,均满足设计要求,地埋式一体化生物反应器适合高寒地区医院等行业污水处理。     

复活光照强度对再生水紫外线消毒后大肠杆菌和粪大肠杆菌光复活的影响

研究厂复活光照强度对污水三级处理出水紫外线消毒后大肠杆菌和粪大肠杆菌光复活的影响.复活光强对复活的影响依消毒时紫外线剂量及菌种的不同而不同.不同复活光强(0～43ìW/cm2)下.大肠杆菌在5 mJ/cm2的紫外线剂量消毒后,复活情况基本不受复活光强影响.紫外线剂量增高至20 mJ/cm2后复活光强存在阈值,在43 ìW/cm2复活光条件下检测到明显的光复活,低于此光强没有检测到明显的光复活.粪大肠杆菌的光复活基本不受复活光照强度的影响.复活光强对细菌光复活的不同影响在光复活控制措施提出过程中需要考虑.     

Electrochemical disinfection using the gas diffusion electrode system

A study on the electrochemical disinfection with H_2O_2 generated at the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) from active carbon/poly-tetrafluorcethylene was performed in a non-membrane cell. The effects of Pt load and the pore-forming agent content in GDE, and operating conditions were investigated. The experimental results showed that nearly all bacterial cultures inoculated in the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant could be inactivated within 30 min at a current density of 10 mA/cm~2. The disinfection improved with increasing Pt load. Addition of the pore-forming agent NH_4HCO_3 improved the disinfection, while a drop in the pH value resulted in a rapid rise of germicidal efficacy and the disinfection time was shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate. Adsorption was proved to be ineffective in destroying bacteria, while germicidal efficacy increased with current density. The acceleration rate was different, it initially increased with current density. Then decreased, and finally reached a maximum at a current density of 6.7 mA/cm~2. The disinfection also improved with decreasing total bacterial count. The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was approximately the same as in the anode compartment, indicating that the contribution of direct oxidation and the indirect treatment of bacterial cultures by hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H_2O_2.     

脉冲放电处理苯酚废水降解过程的分析

由于水中脉冲放电产生等离子体通道,水会发生复杂的等离子体化学反应,产生各种自由基,本文检测到放电形成的羟基自由基.对苯酚废水进行放电降解研究,利用紫外分光计、有机碳分析仪、液相质谱联用仪和气相质谱仪等仪器对降解产物进行检验.结果表明,苯酚废水在放电作用下生成的中间产物为:多羟基苯酚、酮、醛和酯等,最终产物为二氧化碳和水.此结果对苯酚废水在脉冲放电,甚至直流或交流电下的苯酚降解机理的进一步研究有参考价值.     

Formation potentials of typical disinfection byproducts and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 ...     

Formation potentials of typical DBPs and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 mg/L, the two mixed bromochloro species THMs and two dominant HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ozone dose, with the turning point approximately occurring at an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. The genotoxicity detected using umu test, on the other hand, was removed from 7 μg 4-NQO/L to a negligible level by ozonation under an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. Chlorination could further remove the genotoxicity to some extent. It was found that SUVA (UV absorbance divided by DOC concentration) might be used as an indicative parameter for monitoring the removal of genotoxicity during the oxidation.     

H2O2-固载型TiO2光催化对城市污水消毒作用研究

以泡沫镍作为载体,利用电沉积技术将纳米TiO2负载在泡沫镍上,制成固载型TiO2光催化反应器,在光催化反应器中加入H2O2,研究H2O2-固载型TiO2光催化反应系统对城市污水消毒效果。试验表明,固载型TiO2光催化反应中加入10 ppm H2O2,能大大提高紫外消毒效果,降低原水浊度对紫外消毒系统的影响,同时显著减少紫外消毒系统出水光复活现象。H2O2-固载型TiO2光催化反应系统,对降低紫外消毒投资和运行成本,提高紫外消毒效果稳定性,促进城市污水紫外消毒技术的推广具有重要意义。     

Effect of ferric and bromide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination

The e ects of ferric ion, pH, and bromide on the formation and distribution of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination were studied. Two raw water samples from Huangpu River and Yangtze River, two typical drinking water sources of Shanghai, were used for the investigation. Compared with the samples from Huangpu River, the raw water samples from Yangtze River had lower content of total organic carbon (TOC) and ferric ions, but higher bromide concentrations. Under controlled chlorination conditions, four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), total organic halogen (TOX) and its halogen species fractions, including total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromide (TOBr), were determined. The results showed that co-existent ferric and bromide ions significantly promoted the formation of total THMs and HAAs for both raw water samples. Higher concentration of bromide ions significantly changed the speciation of the formed THMs and HAAs. There was an obvious shift to brominated species, which might result in a more adverse influence on the safety of drinking water. The results also indicated that high levels of bromide ions in raw water samples produced higher percentages of unknown TOBr.