水中抑制物对定量PCR与膜过滤法检测E.coli的影响

针对水中病原微生物的污染,选择大肠埃希氏菌E.coli作为病原示踪剂,以E.coli染色体上β-葡萄糖醛酸酶uid A目的基因建立了SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR的检测方法。该定量PCR方法灵敏度高,检测限可达104CFU/L,线性关系良好,相关系数为R2=0.999。研究表明,定量PCR与菌液浓度呈显著正相关R2=0.935。通过人工投加腐殖酸、COD,研究了水中抑制物对定量PCR和膜过滤MF培养法的影响。结果显示,腐殖酸可使E.coli在培养皿上的菌落变小聚集,且显色不明显,当腐殖酸量为20 mg/L时,浓度为50 CFU/100 m L的E.coli完全受到抑制,没有菌落出现。腐殖酸对PCR扩增的抑制作用明显,当腐殖酸浓度增加到10 mg/L,定量PCR检测结果基因拷贝数减少约1 log,增加到20 mg/L定性PCR检测结果为阴性。     

基因工程菌在重金属及难降解废水处理中的应用

介绍了基因工程菌的构建方法及其在重金属及难降解废水中的应用现状,探讨了处理过程中的影响因素,并简要阐述了在构建和应用菌种中所存在的问题.     

Effects of lead，cadmium，mercury chlorides and aquatic environmental samples on the growth of Escherichia coli

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｌｅａｄ，ｃａｄｍｉｕｍ，ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅｓａｎｄａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓａｍｐｌｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＥｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉＸｕＣｈａｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ...     

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)用于检测环境水体指示菌的研究

对聚合酶链式反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）快速检测水体指示菌－大肠菌群（ｔｏｔａｌ ｃｏｌｉｆｏｒｍ）和大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ）进行了研究。采用的两对引物分别扩增了ＬａｃＺ基因的约２６０ｂｐ和ＵｄｉＡ基因的约１５０ｂｐＤＮＡ片段。引物Ⅰ和引物Ⅱ最低能分别扩增１０＾－６μｇ或１０＾－８μｇ基因组ＤＮＡ。整个检测工作在采集水样后５－６ｈ内完成。与     

Antibiotic resistance,virulence factors and biofilm formation ability in Escherichia coli strains isolated from chicken meat and wildlife in the Czech Republic

Attachment of pathogenic bacteria to food contact surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation represent a serious threat for the food industry, since these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or possess more virulence factors. The main aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between antibiotic resistance against 13 antibiotics, distribution of 10 virulence factors and biofilm formation in 105 Escherichia coli strains according to their origin. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance that we have found in wildlife isolates could be acquired by horizontal transfer of resistance genes from human or domestic or farm animals. Consequently, these commensal bacteria might serve as indicator of antimicrobial usage for human and veterinary purposes in the Czech Republic. Further, 46 out of 66 resistant isolates (70%) were able to form biofilm and we found out statistically significant correlation between prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability. The highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed in weak biofilm producers. Biofilm formation was not statistically associated with any virulence determinant. However, we confirmed the correlation between prevalence of virulence factors and host origin. Chicken isolates possessed more virulence factors (66%), than isolates from wildlife (37%). We can conclude that the potential spread of antibiotic resistance pattern via the food chain is of high concern for public health. Even more, alarming is that E. coli isolates remain pathogenic potential with ability to form biofilm and these bacteria may persist during food processing and consequently lead to greater risks of food contamination.     

Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Escherichia coli from eagles and goshawks

One of the major global problems in medicine is microbial resistance to antibiotics (antimicrobial resistance) and this has become an increasingly frequent research topic. This study focuses on antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli from wild birds: ten isolates from eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), nine from goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and 24 from broilers in the Slovak Republic. Twenty-two strains with presence of int1 gene were selected and examined for the presence or absence of transposon gene (tn3), genes of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. We detected sequence type (ST) in eagles ST 442 with genes iss, papC, iutA, cvaC, tsh, fyuA, iroN, kps, feoB, sitA, irp2, ireA for virulence factors and tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA for antibiotic resistance; in goshawks ST 1011 with iss, papC, fyuA, iroN, feoB, sitA and qnrS1, tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA, respectively. These ST types have been found in humans too and should be evaluated further for possible zoonotic potential and transfer of resistance genes from the environment.     

微直流电场对大肠杆菌生长代谢活性的作用

对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,DH5α）培养液在连续培养时分别通入不同强度的直流电场,研究了其在持续直流电刺激下的生长曲线、pH曲线、ATP酶活性、胞内总蛋白含量、细胞膜通透性以及细菌微观形态变化.结果表明,适宜的直流电能够促进大肠杆菌增殖;大肠杆菌的ATP酶活在25 mA电流作用下在对数生长前期、对数...     

The effect of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on Escherichia coli genome

Extensive production and application of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has increased their potential risk on environment and human health. This report illustrates a genetic impact of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli). After 3000-generation incubation with MNPs addition, obvious genomic variations were revealed by using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprint technique. The physicochemical interactions between MNPs and bacteria could be responsible for such genomic responses. It was revealed that Fe³⁺ concentration increased in the medium. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis consistently demonstrated the occurrences of adsorption and membranes-internalization of MNPs outside and inside cells. Both increased Fe³⁺ ion and the uptake of MNPs facilitated Fe binding with proteins and DNA strands, resulting in enhancing the mutation frequency of E. coli. Our results would be of great help to assessing the potential impact of MNPs on human and environment.     

FECAL‐INDICATOR BACTERIA IN STREAMS ALONG A GRADIENT OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Fecal‐indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal‐coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two‐day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water‐quality standards.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌基因转移系统研究进展[综述]

氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｆｅｒｒｏｏｘｉｄａｎｓ)是极端嗜酸性的专性自养细菌 ,广泛分布于硫化矿床、酸性矿水及土壤中 ,最适生长ｐＨ 2 .0～ 2 .5 .氧化亚铁硫杆菌很早就被广泛应用于有用金属的浸出 ,特别适合于从低品位的矿石中浸出和回收稀有贵重金属 .这种方法具有低成本、低能耗、无污染等特点 ,因而在能源日益紧缺的今天 ,受到人们越来越多的关注 .目前许多国家已经成功地利用细菌浸出液技术开采多种金属 ,如铜、铀、金、钴、镍、锌和铅等 .其主要作用原理是通过氧化ＦｅＳＯ4 或ＦｅＳ2 产生Ｆｅ3 氧化剂 ,氧化…