In vitro agonistic and antagonistic endocrine disrupting effects of organic extracts from waste water of different treatment processes

Effluents from wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） have been reported to have a broad spectrum of endocrine disrupting compounds （EDCs）. The majority of studies have focused on the occurrence of estrogenic activity, while ignoring nuclear hormone receptors （NRs） pathways. In the present study, a battery of in vitro yeast bioassays and a cell bioassay, including antagonistic and agonistic effects on estrogen receptor （ER）, androgen receptor （AR）, progesterone receptor （PR）, estrogen- related receptor （ERR） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AHR）, were conducted to evaluate the removal efficien- cies of EDCs by different treatment processes of a WWTP located in Beijing. Estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti- androgenic, anti-progesteronic, anti-ERR and the activa- tion of AHR activities were detected in samples from all treatment processes and the receiving water. The concen- tration of estrogenic contaminants with estradiol （E2） equivalent concentrations ranged from 0.82 x 10-9 to 3.54 x 10 9g Ee_EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-estrogenic contaminants with 4-hydroxytamoxifen （4-OHT） equiva- lent concentrations ranged from 1.24 × 10-6 to 2.36 x 10-6 g 4-OHT-EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-androgenic contaminants ranged from 2.21 x 10-s to 3.52 × 10-6g flutamide-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-progesteronic contaminants ranged from 3.15 x 10^-5 to 2.71 x 10^-4g RU486-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-ERR contami- nants ranged from 7.09 x 10-5 to 6.50 x 104 g 4-OHT-EQ × L^-10. The concentration of AHR activators ranged from 1.7 × 10-10 to 3.4 × 10^-10g TCDD-EQ-L-1. These processes including secondary clarifier, coagulation, as well as coal and sand filtration could eliminated 67.2% of estrogenic contaminants, 47.0% of anti-estrogenic contaminants, 98.3% of anti-androgenic contaminants, 88.4% of anti- progesteronic contaminants, 65.4% of anti-ERR contami- nants and 46.9% of AHR activators. WWTP effluents contain multiple receptor disruptors may have very complex adverse effects on exposed organisms.     

5种卤代乙酰胺类消毒副产物对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Tk基因致突变性研究

卤代乙酰胺类(HAc Am)消毒副产物(DBPs)是饮用水中新兴含氮类DBPs之一。为探究HAc Ams的致突变性,选择小鼠淋巴瘤细胞作为受试细胞,分别考察了一氯代乙酰胺、二氯代乙酰胺、三氯代乙酰胺、一碘代乙酰胺、二碘代乙酰胺(DIAc Ams)共5种HAc Ams对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Tk基因突变的影响。结果表明,在0.05~20μmol·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,5种HacAms类DBPs对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞呈现出一定的细胞毒性,随着暴露浓度的升高,细胞毒性增强。暴露4 h后,5种HacAms中只有DIAc-Ams呈现出显著的致突变性(暴露剂量高于5μmol·L~(-1)),且以小集落为主。上述研究结果为研究HacAms对哺乳动物细胞的致突变作用提供了基础数据。     

基于彗星实验的洛克沙胂对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎细胞DNA损伤的研究

为评价洛克沙胂的遗传毒性,采用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验),研究了不同浓度的洛克沙胂对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎细胞脱氧核醣核酸(DNA)的损伤作用。提取秀丽隐杆线虫的胚胎细胞,分别暴露于0(空白对照)、50、250、500μg·L~(-1)含洛克沙胂的溶液染毒1 h。用彗尾DNA百分比含量(TDNA%)、彗星尾长(TL)和Olive尾矩(OTM)作为DNA损伤的指标。实验结果表明,与空白对照组比较,处理组中彗尾DNA百分比含量、彗星尾长以及Olive尾矩显著增加(P0.01)。随着洛克沙胂浓度的增加,彗尾DNA百分比含量、彗星尾长以及Olive尾矩逐渐增加,其相关系数r0.99,说明在实验浓度范围内,存在极显著的浓度-效应关系。洛克沙胂对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎细胞DNA具有损伤作用,彗星实验操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,能够反映出洛克沙胂的遗传毒性。因此,通过彗星实验建立实验室检测洛克沙胂遗传毒性的方法具有可行性。     

生物过滤塔中微生物群落的代谢特性

了解微生物群落结构与代谢功能对于提高生物反应器运行性能具有重要意义.为此,本研究用Biolog方法在160d的运行过程中研究了处理甲苯气体的木屑生物过滤塔和活性炭生物过滤塔中微生物群落的代谢特性.研究发现,木屑过滤塔和活性炭过滤塔中微生物群落的平均代谢活性在长期运行时均有下降趋势.主成分分析结果表明,生物过滤塔中微生物群落代谢指纹在运行前期未发生显著变化,但103d后在过滤塔进气端出现显著变化,到160d时整个过滤塔内的微生物群落代谢指纹均发生改变.2套过滤塔中微生物群落代谢活性与代谢特征指纹未表现出较大差异,表明长期运行时填料对微生物代谢的影响较小.在Biolog平板内的95种碳源中,羧酸类物质和氨基酸类物质更容易被过滤塔中的微生物群落利用.     

Effect of fomesafen on glutathione S-transferase and cellulase activity and DNA damage in the earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

Biochemical responses and DNA damage of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) exposed to various concentrations of fomesafen (0, 10, 100, and 500 μg kg^?1) for 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were investigated in vivo. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly stimulated upon treatment with 500 μg kg^?1 fomesafen for 21 days, while the cellulase activity was markedly inhibited after 14 days of treatment. On day 28, the activities of GST and cellulase had recovered to the level similar to that of controls. Low or mild DNA damage in earthworm was induced within 14 days of exposure, and the damage was reduced or disappeared with the extension of exposure.     

利用化学分析和生物毒性监测方法综合评价污水污泥环境影响的研究

利用化学分析和发光细菌生物毒性联合检测方法评价了上海地区7处污水处理厂污水污泥(分别用S1～S7表示)中主要污染物水平和毒性大小.结果表明,污水污泥样品S5和S7的重金属超过CJ/T 309-2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质》标准和全国平均水平,主要超标重金属为Cd、Hg和Cu;污水污泥中多氯联苯、有机氯农药和二(噁)英类含量与组成则处于安全水平;样点S1～S6的多环芳烃(PAHs)平均含量低于CJ/T 309-2009中A级标准与欧盟和美国关于污水污泥的土地倾倒标准,但样点S7的w(ΣPAHs)达到34.61 mg·kg-1,超过CJ/T 309-2009最高允许限值的6倍.污水污泥浸出液化学分析结果表明,PAHs和重金属含量低于GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》和欧盟EN 12457.2-2002 《废弃物表征浸出颗粒废弃物和污泥浸出一致性试验》标准,但所有样点的溶解性总有机碳均超过欧盟EN 12457.2-2002标准.发光细菌综合生物毒性结果表明:样点S3的综合毒性最高,S1、S6和S7次之,S2、S4和S5较低,以生活污水为主要来源的污水污泥的综合生物毒性较高.该结果可为污水污泥的后续处理和处置提供基础数据.     

Genotoxicity study of phenol and o-cresol using the micronucleus test and the comet assay

Phenol and cresols are common toxic environmental pollutants. In this study, the micronucleus assay and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique have been used to investigate the genotoxic activity of phenol and o-cresol. The result of experiments revealed that phenol and o-cresol were both evident genotoxins, and the genotoxic activity of o-cresol was stronger. In the micronucleus assay, phenol and o-cresol could both cause a significant increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequencies (p?p?p?p?相似文献   

Intervention research on influence of biomass briquette on human health

Raw coal (RC) is the main fuel in many, especially rural parts of China. Biomass briquette (BB), which has less SO₂ emission, was developed as a cleaner alternative for RC. In this research, the cooking fuel of a group of countrywomen was switched from RC to BB and studied for health effects. Five biological indices percent of comet cell (COMET), lysozyme saliva (LYS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were chosen. All indices were measured three times during the 18-month experiment. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant changes in the indices. Using BB as a cooking fuel improves the function of anti-oxidation system and the nonspecific immune system, and reduces the DNA damage, which is negatively related to LYS and SOD.