中国省际资源节约指数的空间差异研究

论文首次利用改进的"节约指数"并结合图形数据,对中国各省区资源消耗现状进行定量分析。结果表明:中国资源节约指数空间差异明显,总体上东部比西部节约、中部过渡(除山西外);低于全国平均节约水平的省域约占2/3,其中大部分在西部地区;此外,经济发展水平越高的省域,资源环境绩效水平相对越好。研究结果揭示了中国不同省域建设节约型社会的节约水平和资源利用效率差异,同时也为促进区域协调发展以及经济社会的可持续发展提供依据。     

中国海岛县际经济差异与今后产业布局分析

我国12个海岛县,分散分布在黄海等四大海域中,由于所处的海域位置、海洋与岛陆资源丰度以及受市场机制与人文状况、海岛资源开发力度与所处行政区的影响,海岛县际之间经济存在一定差异。根据海岛县人均GDP计算的基尼系数和绘制的洛伦斯曲线图,可以看出海岛县经济差异在缩小。海岛县之间产业结构也存在不同的演进过程,根据主成分得分值,在坐标系上海岛县的具体分布,可以划分出产业结构的不同演进阶段和产业结构类型。目前,海岛县的经济虽然仍为资源型经济,但在开发利用资源方面,已从海洋生物资源利用为主,逐步转向以利用海洋空间资源、海洋非生物资源、岛陆土地资源和海洋生物资源并重的发展方向。一些陆域发展的产业也逐步向海岛转移和延伸,从而在海岛县经济结构中,二、三产业的比重有所增加。     

船舶涂料海洋大气暴露与室内加速试验模拟性研究

通过两年海洋大气环境暴露试验、盐雾／紫外冷凝老化交替试验和氙灯老化试验。对比聚氨酯涂料、丙烯酸涂料涂层的色差和失光率,研究了3种试验对涂层表观性能的影响。发现紫外／冷凝老化加速试验对海洋大气暴露试验有很好的模拟性。     

长江经济带绿色城镇化效率评价及其影响因素——基于多维城镇化视角

本文引入资源和环境因素,以城镇化综合指数为期望产出,运用SBM方向性距离函数测算了2010—2020年长江经济带112个地级市（州）的绿色城镇化效率,并采用空间面板模型和地理探测器对绿色城镇化效率的影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明：长江经济带绿色城镇化效率整体水平不高,下游地区绿色城镇化效率高于上游和中游地区,资源消耗和环境污染是效率损失的主要来源;绿色城镇化效率表现出较为明显的热点—次热点—次冷点—冷点自东向西的带状分布格局,存在显著的空间正相关性。政府财政支出对绿色城镇化效率产生负向影响,外商直接投资和产业结构对提升绿色城镇化效率有显著的促进作用,且三者的影响具有地区差异性;市场力因素有利于绿色城镇化效率的提高。邻近城市间绿色城镇化效率的空间溢出效应明显,且空间溢出效应是长江经济带绿色城镇化效率空间差异的最主要因素,各因素的影响具有协同增强的作用。     

Diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and encoding ribosomal protection proteins gene in livestock waste polluted environment

The rapid development and increase of antibiotic resistance are global phenomena resulting from the extensive use of antibiotics in human clinics and animal feeding operations. Antibiotics can promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred horizontally to humans and animals through water and the food chain. In this study, the presence and abundance of ARGs in livestock waste was monitored by quantitative PCR. A diverse set of bacteria and tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) from three livestock farms and a river were analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The abundance of sul(I) was 10³ to 10⁵ orders of magnitude higher than that of sul(II). Among 11 tet-ARGs, the most abundant was tet(O). The results regarding bacterial diversity indicated that the presence of antibiotics might have an evident impact on bacterial diversity at every site, particularly at the investigated swine producer. The effect of livestock waste on the bacterial diversity of soil was stronger than that of water. Furthermore, a sequencing analysis showed that tet(M) exhibited two genotypes, while the other RPPs-encoding genes exhibited at least three genotypes. This study showed that various ARGs and RPPs-encoding genes are particularly widespread among livestock.     

基于ACF-AMDF的气井环空液面回波特征提取方法

为了精确有效地提取声波法检测气井环空液位的回波周期,在分析环空中测试波的传播特征及基音周期检测的基础上,提出1种基于检测信号短时自相关函数(ACF)及平均幅度差函数(AMDF)的液面回波周期提取方法;利用自主搭建的室内模拟实验系统开展了不同初始环空压力下环空液位检测实验;对检测信号进行中心削波处理并计算ACF/AMDF,提取出液面回波周期并与理论计算值对比分析;同时分析了现场环空液位检测信号,提取其回波周期。研究结果表明:提出的新方法能有效地用于提取环空液面回波周期;室内实验中,该方法最大误差绝对值为1.54%;该方法能够有效抑制液面回波信号中的随机噪声及接箍反射波等,处理后的信号曲线在回波周期处峰值更加突出、集中,而在其他位置更加平滑,提高了对液面回波周期特征的辨识能力。     

Gender differences in public office workers’ satisfaction,subjective symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in workplace and office environments

This study investigates differences between male and female public office workers’ satisfaction levels, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) complaints in workplace and office environments. Questionnaire surveys were performed in 30 offices from 15 public institutions. Male and female workers of the same age were coupled and selected from each office, gathering a total of 120 male and 120 female subjects. The results show that differences exist between genders in noise and lighting satisfaction levels, SBS-related symptoms (eye, nose, skin) and MSD complaints of hand/wrist/finger, while there is no difference in overall satisfaction level of office environments. The study also suggests that office design for public office workers should take into account gender differences in preventing MSDs and also SBS. The findings of this study are expected to serve as basic data for designing effective public office environments.     

长江中游城市群经济-城市-社会-环境耦合度空间差异分析

以长江中游城市群的36个城市为例,构建了经济发展、城市化、社会保障、生态环境综合评价指标体系,运用耦合度模型评估了36个城市2011~2013年的耦合度,并利用GIS技术分析系统的得分与耦合度的空间分布特征。结果表明:长江中游城市群的36个城市的经济发展、城市化和社会保障水平的空间分布比较相似,三者间存在显著的正相关关系。但是,存在显著性的地区差异。36个城市生态环境得分均值很高,城市之间差异很小。从耦合度的空间分布来看,长江中游城市群明显存在3个高耦合度的聚集区域,即长株潭城市圈,武汉-南昌(含鄂州、黄石和九江)城市带和鄂北4市,即十堰、襄阳、宜昌和荆门。最后,36个城市之间耦合度的差异呈现逐年缩小的趋势。     

我国城镇居民环保事务参与的性别差异分析

从行为参与、管理参与和环境意识三个方面阐述了当前环保事务参与中存在的性别差异问题;从社会结构的视角分析了性别化对环保参与现状的影响。针对存在的问题和制约因素,从社会系统、社会资源和环境意识三个方面提出发展建议。     

GB4943与UL94的水平燃烧试验的区别

就GB4943-2001《信息技术设备的安全》的附录A8与UL94中关于50W水平燃烧试验的区别,说明了水平燃烧试验过程中应注意的几个问题,以及确定材料燃烧等级试验的重要性。通过分析,加深对标准中水平燃烧试验要求的理解。