Gender differences in public office workers’ satisfaction,subjective symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in workplace and office environments

This study investigates differences between male and female public office workers’ satisfaction levels, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) complaints in workplace and office environments. Questionnaire surveys were performed in 30 offices from 15 public institutions. Male and female workers of the same age were coupled and selected from each office, gathering a total of 120 male and 120 female subjects. The results show that differences exist between genders in noise and lighting satisfaction levels, SBS-related symptoms (eye, nose, skin) and MSD complaints of hand/wrist/finger, while there is no difference in overall satisfaction level of office environments. The study also suggests that office design for public office workers should take into account gender differences in preventing MSDs and also SBS. The findings of this study are expected to serve as basic data for designing effective public office environments.     

The determination and matching analysis of pinch point temperature difference in evaporator and condenser of organic rankine cycle for mixed working fluid

Exergo-economic analysis of the pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) in both evaporator and condenser of sub-critical organic Rankine cycle system (ORCs) are performed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Taking mixture R13I1/R601a as a working fluid and the annual total cost per net output power Z as exergo-economic performance evaluation criterion, the effects of PPTD in evaporator ΔT_e, and the PPTD ratio of condenser to evaporator y, on the exergo-economic performance of ORCs are analyzed. Moreover, how some other parameters influence the optimal PPTD in evaporator ΔT_e,opt and the optimal PPTD ratio of condenser to evaporator y_opt are also discussed. It has been found that the exergo-economic performance of ORCs is remarkably influenced by ΔT_e and y, and there exists ΔT_e,opt and y_opt. In addition, ΔT_e,opt and y_opt are affected by heat transfer coefficient ratio of condenser to evaporator ß, the temperature of working fluid at dew point in condenser T_1a, and composition of R13I1/R601a: larger ß and T_1a lead to lower ΔT_e,opt and y_opt; by contraries, larger mass fraction of R13I1 makes ΔT_e,opt and y_opt increase, and y_opt increases linearly. The effects of the temperature of working fluid at bubble point in evaporator T_3a, mass flow rate of exhaust flue gas m_g, and inlet temperature of exhaust flue gas T_gi on ΔT_e,opt and y_opt are very slight. For comparison, three additional working fluids, namely R601a, R245fa, and 0.32R245fa/0.68R601a, are also taken into account.     

我国城镇居民环保事务参与的性别差异分析

从行为参与、管理参与和环境意识三个方面阐述了当前环保事务参与中存在的性别差异问题；从社会结构的视角分析了性别化对环保参与现状的影响。针对存在的问题和制约因素，从社会系统、社会资源和环境意识三个方面提出发展建议。     

×飞机半封闭部位局部环境谱当量加速关系研究

目的确定局部环境谱当量加速关系。方法以×型飞机某半封闭关键部位为研究对象,依据其在机体中所处的位置及服役环境中各气候条件编制局部加速腐蚀试验环境谱,分别进行试验室周期浸润加速腐蚀和自然环境暴晒。借助涂层宏观、微观形貌检测、色差、光泽度等常规性能检测和电化学极化曲线测试,对两种不同环境下试验件进行性能测试。结果试验室周期浸润加速腐蚀196.6 h,相当于舰面停放1年,且经过实验室2个周期加速腐蚀与自然环境暴晒2年的试验件涂层形貌、失光率、色差、电化学性能一致。结论该局部环境谱当量加速关系准确可靠。     

贵阳市不同粒级地表灰尘中As、Ni水平及权重

根据贵阳市城区土地利用的情况,在不同功能区地表采集灰尘样品,分析As、Ni含量及变异规律。结果表明:贵阳市地表灰尘As、Ni含量分别为17.4mg/kg和50.0mg/kg。工业区地表灰尘中As、Ni含量最高,商贸区和校园等区域As、Ni水平较低。贵阳市地表灰尘中不同颗粒物的质量百分比大小为细颗粒(<105μm)>中等颗粒(105～250μm)>粗颗粒(250～425μm)。As在不同粒径灰尘中含量差别不大,Ni在不同粒径灰尘中含量随粒径增加而降低。细颗粒对灰尘As、Ni的贡献分别为42%和47%。除垃圾站外,贵阳市各功能区地表灰尘不同粒径颗粒物百分比随粒径增大而减小,其中交通区地表灰尘细颗粒所占比例最大。垃圾站地表灰尘中不同粒径颗粒百分比则随粒径增大而增大,As、Ni在垃圾站地表灰尘中颗粒物贡献为中等颗粒>粗颗粒>细颗粒,其余功能区不同粒径颗粒物的贡献基本为细颗粒大于粗颗粒。     

空调系统冷冻水循环水泵变频运行的变温差控制

在分析空调系统变流量运行调节的基础上,提出了变温差控制并给出了控制方案。变温差控制过程不仅具有负反馈,而且具有正反馈,能较好的适应空调负荷的变化。比较分析了变温差控制、定温差控制、定压差控制的节能性,变温差控制的节能潜力最大,是一种最佳控制方式。     

北京市PM5.0可吸入颗粒物反演及其时空分布分析

分析城市可吸入颗粒物的空间特征及影响因素对于制定更为有效的可吸入颗粒物污染控制政策具有重要的现实意义.本研究在实际采样和遥感数据处理基础上,构造差值植被指数(DVI),通过建立TM影像与对应PM5.0颗粒物实测值之间的相关关系模型,对北京市2008~2010年3 a的PM5.0的分布进行了反演计算和精度分析;研究了NDBI和NDMI对PM5.0浓度的影响,进一步揭示了北京五环区域范围内可吸入颗粒物的时空分布特征.结果表明,采用DVI反演PM5.0分布的方法可行,反演精度在可接受范围内;整体上研究区2008年PM5.0颗粒物污染最轻,西南三环和四环以及东南三四环之间为颗粒物污染的高值区,西北五环附近颗粒物污染较轻;NDBI(归一化建筑指数)、NDMI(归一化水汽指数)与PM5.0可吸入颗粒物的分布分别呈现显著的负相关和正相关关系,且二者对PM5.0的影响相近.     

大渡河干海子滑坡稳定性研究

干海子滑坡位于大渡河流域,规模巨大.为研究该滑坡的稳定性,在对滑坡基本特征及变形破坏特征等深入研究的基础上,采用极限平衡法(Geo-slope软件)和有限差分法(FLAC-3D软件)对该滑坡的稳定性和应力应变特征进行了计算、模拟.稳定性计算模拟主要从深层、浅层及局部稳定三方面入手分析,计算模拟结果与滑坡的宏现地质现象均...     

安徽省旅游经济的空间差异与整合发展

安徽省旅游资源丰富,但各区域旅游资源开发起步时间各异,省内各区域发展不平衡,区域间的旅游经济发展现状存在较大的差异。通过节点分析,对安徽省区域旅游经济的空间差异进行了测度分析,并对测算和分析结果进行了剖析与阐释。在此基础上提出安徽省旅游经济整合发展的区域旅游发展战略,以及进行旅游空间整合、旅游交通整合、旅游产品整合、旅游市场整合、借助新整合动力的区域旅游发展基本对策。     

中国城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异及影响因素——基于273个地级及以上城市的分析

以全国地级及以上城市中的273个样本城市为研究对象,分别从全国、沿海地区、内陆地区三个层次考察了样本城市城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异。根据柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的理论与分析方法建立模型,分析了资本、劳动力、土地三大投入要素和城市全要素生产率等对城镇建设用地的影响,并在控制以上变量的条件下侧重考察了城市区位差异的影响。发现我国城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异明显,具有区位优势的城市土地效益平均高于缺乏区位优势的城市;沿海水陆口岸的区位优势十分显著,建设用地经济密度相对较高,而内陆地区水陆口岸的区位优势有待发掘;航空口岸对提高城镇建设用地经济密度未发挥积极作用。分析结果表明,生产要素投入、科技水平、市场环境和城市发展阶段是影响土地效益的主要因素,但不同区位条件下城镇建设用地经济密度的影响因素有所不同,为提高城镇建设用地经济密度,不同区位条件的城市着力点应各有侧重。