计算机辅助安全性评价系统

针对安全性评价过程评价周期长，工作量大，手段落后等问题，依据安全检查表法及评价理论，以Microsoft Visual Basic6.0为开发工具，开发了火力发电厂安全性评价计算机辅助系统，在企业局域网中实现，可以减少安全评价过程中大量重复工作，提高效率，其它行业也可以基于此方法，开发相应的计算机辅助评价系统。     

北方低温条件下沼渣资源化培育佛甲草的应用研究

为克服厌氧发酵沼渣中碳氮磷比严重失调、可生化性差、总氮和总磷浓度高等难以直接资源化利用的难题,同时为北方秋冬季节低温条件下海绵城市建设过程中推广绿色屋顶提供技术支撑,通过调节基质中本地砂质壤土与厌氧发酵沼渣的比例,在北方秋冬季节室外培育佛甲草并研究其生长状态。结果表明:沼渣显著降低了基质的容重,减轻了屋顶的承受负荷;增大了基质的孔隙度,更适宜佛甲草根系下扎生长。基质中添加沼渣改善了低温条件下佛甲草的生长状况,增加了佛甲草的株高和覆盖度,提高了其分蘖能力及叶绿素总量;品质评价得分均高于6分,表明佛甲草的生长基本正常;低温条件下,沼渣和砂质壤土按4:5混配后的基质培育出的佛甲草综合品质最优。     

京津冀天然源挥发性有机物排放研究

为探明2017年京津冀地区天然源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)的空间分布,将研究区划分成3 km分辨率的格网,并通过WRF模型提供气象驱动数据,MODIS影像提供植被功能类型和叶面积指数,最终利用MEGAN模型进行模拟研究.结果表明,该模型将BVOCs分成147个细类,其中主要有异戊二烯、单萜烯41类、半萜烯32类、其他VOC73类.2017年京津冀地区BVOCs排放总量为426.26×10~3 t,四大类别的排放比例依次为29.38%、12.32%、6.24%、52.05%.单萜烯中排放较高的类别是α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、t-β-罗勒烯,而半萜烯中排放较高的是α-法呢烯和β-石竹烯.整个研究区域内BVOCs排放较高的区域位于北部森林与灌丛分布密集的燕山山脉和西南的太行山山脉,其中主要的城市有承德、北京、张家口、保定、石家庄等.排放量较低的地区为廊坊、衡水、天津等地.本研究通过模型模拟得到了京津冀地区2017年高时空分辨率BVOCs排放清单,同时可为以后的大气环境研究提供基础数据.     

Gathering “wild” food in the city: rethinking the role of foraging in urban ecosystem planning and management

Recent “green” planning initiatives envision food production, including urban agriculture and livestock production, as desirable elements of sustainable cities. We use an integrated urban political ecology and human–plant geographies framework to explore how foraging for “wild” foods in cities, a subversive practice that challenges prevailing views about the roles of humans in urban green spaces, has potential to also support sustainability goals. Drawing on research from Baltimore, New York City, Philadelphia, and Seattle, we show that foraging is a vibrant and ongoing practice among diverse urban residents in the USA. At the same time, as reflected in regulations, planning practices, and attitudes of conservation practitioners, it is conceptualised as out of place in urban landscapes and an activity to be discouraged. We discuss how paying attention to urban foraging spaces and practices can strengthen green space planning and summarise opportunities for and challenges associated with including foragers and their concerns.     

Estimation of thyroid doses and health risks resulting from the intake of radioactive iodine in foods and drinking water by the citizens of Tokyo after the Fukushima nuclear accident

The release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima nuclear power plant after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 poses health risks. In this study, the intake of iodine 131 (I-131) in drinking water and foods (milk, dairy products, and vegetables) by citizens of Tokyo was estimated. The effects of countermeasures (restrictions on the distribution of foods and the distribution of bottled water for infants) on reducing intake were also evaluated. The average thyroid equivalent doses without countermeasures from 21 March 2011 were 0.42 mSv in adults, 1.49 mSv in children, and 2.08 mSv in infants. Those with countermeasures were 0.28, 0.97, and 1.14 mSv respectively, reductions of 33%, 35%, and 45%. Drinking water contributed more to intake by adults and children than foods. The intake of I-131 within the first 2 weeks was more than 80% of the estimated intake, owing to its short half-life, indicating that rapid countermeasures are important in reducing intake. The average risks of cancer incidence and mortality due to I-131 for infants were estimated to be 3 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.2 × 10⁻⁵, respectively, lower than the annual risks of traffic accidents, naturally occurring radioactive material (potassium 40), and environmental pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles.     

机动车绿灯倒计时对交叉口交通安全的影响研究

在总结国内外研究的基础上,通过问卷调查、现场观测等方法对机动车绿灯倒计时对我国驾驶员的心理及驾驶行为进行调查,解析机动车绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶员心理与驾驶行为的影响机理,研究结果显示机动车绿灯倒计时既不利于交叉口的交通安全,又降低了通行效率,因此得出应谨慎使用机动车绿灯倒计时的结论。同时建议采取道路交通安全法中对黄灯的含义进行修改,并在闯红灯抓拍系统中增设闯黄灯超速自动抓拍功能,以减少信号过渡期间超速抢灯现象的发生,保障交叉口的交通安全。     

北京兰天热能系统工程探讨

文章通过综合分析、计算 ,提出用天然气代替煤作主要能源 ,走燃机热电联供道路 ,解决北京市大气环境恶化的问题 ,并对这一工程方案实施的可能性和优越性作了阐述 ,最后提出了多项实施建议。     

梁子湖湿地植物多样性现状与评价

根据1999～2001年的野外调查数据,研究了湖北梁子湖湿地浮游藻类和高等植物多样性资源.结果表明,该湿地常见浮游藻类73种,隶属于7门58属(绿藻28种,硅藻19种,蓝藻14种,金藻4种,裸藻3种,甲藻3种,隐藻2种);高等植物282种,隶属于72科183属(苔藓8种,蕨类9种,裸子植物3种,被子植物262种),其中国家重点保护野生植物5种.浮游藻类密度和生物量均值分别为(1163.79913.51)104cell/L和6.1342.737mg/L,叶绿素a含量12.754.98mg/L,浮游藻类表层日生产量1.18～2.29mgO2/(Ld).水生植被繁茂,可划分为12个群丛,群丛单位面积生物量为6.443kg/m_{2;水生植被覆盖率54.27%,单位面积生物量为3.496kg/m2,在同类湖泊中处于中等水平;植被种类复杂,以沉水植物微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为优势群落.该湖泊总体上属中营养型水体,仍保持草型湖状态.}     

超声波-H2O2协同作用处理孔雀绿废水

采用超声波（US）-H2O2协同作用处理含孔雀绿的废水（简称废水）;考察了H2O2加入量、US功率、反应温度、反应时间对废水色度、COD去除率的影响,并对US-H2O2体系降解孔雀绿的机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：在US作用下,H2O2加入量对废水色度、COD去除率的影响较大;废水色度、COD去除率均随US功率和反应时问的增加而提高;在US～H2O2体系中,低温对处理废水有利,高温反而不利;US—H2O2处理废水具有协同作用。在废水量为100mL、pH为7．3、反应温度为40℃、H2O2加入量为10mL、US功率为240W、反应时间60min的条件下对废水进行处理,废水COD、色度去除率分别为97．5％,98．8％。     

植物遗传资源保护与利用的市场化机制和国际制度

随着植物物种资源的不断减少和因生物技术迅猛发展对植物遗传资源需求的不断增加 ,植物遗传资源正逐步由公共物品转变为稀缺物品。坚持《生物多样性公约》所确立的遗传资源效益公平分享原则 ,完善现有国际多边体系 ,促进以“遗传编码功能”价值概念和遗传资源保护效应“内部化”与“补偿”方案为基础的植物遗传资源市场化保护与利用机制的形成 ,建立“植物遗传资源交易所”和“生物多样性合作社” ,将有助于提高世界各国尤其是发展中国家保护植物遗传资源的积极性 ,实现全球植物遗传资源的可持续利用