铜改性MIL-101吸附溶液中碘离子研究

目的提升MIL-101对溶液中放射性碘离子的吸附性能。方法开展铜掺杂改性MIL-101研究。利用SEM,XRD和比表面与孔径分析仪等表征方法对改性前后的材料进行物理性能分析,并考察不同Cu掺杂量、吸附时间和初始碘离子浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果铜改性后吸附率明显增加,掺杂20%的铜时,材料的比表面积最大,吸附效果最佳;吸附速率随时间增大而降低,而吸附率随初始浓度减小而增大。结论铜改性后的MIL-101对溶液中碘离子有更好的吸附效果,其吸附速率和吸附量都有明显的优势。     

碘吸附器的脉冲式氟利昂法泄漏检测技术实验研究

目前,国内核设施碘吸附器的非放射性泄漏检测主要采用连续式氟利昂气体法,在调研并对比国内外该领域应用现状的基础上,开展了碘吸附器的脉冲式氟利昂气体泄漏检测新技术实验研究,通过进行碘吸附器在泄漏、不泄漏、穿透等几种条件下的实验表明,脉冲式泄漏检测方法可以直观地判断碘吸附器的泄漏情况,并能准确计算其机械泄漏率;与连续式方法的对比发现,两种技术在泄漏率的判断上具有一致性,脉冲式氟利昂法的示踪剂用量少,仅为连续式氟利昂法的1/3.     

Severe drought and the vitamin A status of rural pre-school children in India

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in six drought-affected areas of India in 2003 to assess the impact of drought on the vitamin A status of 3,657 rural pre-school children. The prevalence of Bitot's spots was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher (1.8 per cent) during drought (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0; 95 per cent confidence interval: 1.6 -2.7). The dietary intake of vitamin A was lower during drought and in 81 per cent of households it was less than 50 per cent of the recommended rate. Severe drought has an adverse impact on the vitamin A status of rural pre-school children, particularly those with illiterate mothers and belonging to an older age group (p < 0.01). Communities need to be sensitised, therefore, to vitamin A deficiency through health and nutrition education, and there needs to be wider coverage of vitamin A supplementation, particularly among children in drought-affected and drought-prone areas.     

Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate,Urinary Cortisol Excretion,and Sleep in Civil Air Traffic Controllers

The examination of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) from the Warsaw Airport (Poland) included 24-hr ECG monitoring. The participants were 10 civil ATCs, 9 males and 1 woman. The study was carried out on a group of 19 ATCs during their duty periods, 14 of them working 12-hr shifts and 5 performing 24-hr duties. The participants collected urine every 4 hrs, and Cortisol concentration was determined. Further, the survey included the quality and duration of sleep, and subjective fatigue in the 62 participants.

In ATCs, shift work modifies natural rhythms of the circulatory system and decreases the ability for intensified mental work at night. In consequence ATCs experience frequent sleep disorders.     

机械行业工效学调查研究

对机械行业工人的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤进行了工效学分析。结果表明，目前我国机械行业工人主要存在的工效学问题是：坐椅高度和坐位工作台高度较高，正常作业范围过大，同一动作持续工作时间过长、劳动时间率偏高、工中休息时间偏少。建议根据有关法规和标准，采取工效学改进措施     

Novel mutations in the human CYP21 gene

The great majority of genetic defects underlying steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency appear to result from intergenic recombinations between the homologous CYP21 and CYP21P genes. For a minority, novel sporadic point mutations have been detected. De novo mutations in CYP21 have also been reported, but only a few studies have systematically screened their occurrence. We here describe a population-based patient sample in order to estimate the rate of single-family (i.e. sporadic) and de novo germline mutations in the human CYP21 locus. Among 76 Finnish families were observed three single-family mutations and two de novo mutations in CYP21. The rates obtained, ∼5% and ∼2% for novel and de novo mutations, respectively, indicate that they are not rare and that their occurrence should not be ignored in genetic diagnostics of this disorder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of a fetus at risk for dihydropteridine reductase deficiency by direct mutation analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) is an enzyme involved in the recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄), which is an obligate co-factor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. DHPR deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the QDPR gene. DHPR-deficient patients are diagnosed by a lack of response to a low phenylalanine diet and by severe neurological symptoms. Final diagnosis is made by measurements of neurotransmitters and pterin metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine, in addition to DHPR enzyme activity, which can be assessed in whole red blood cells. Treatment of DHPR deficiency can be difficult and the outcome is not always satisfying, even if all treatment strategies are followed. Therefore prenatal diagnosis is of great importance in affected families. Prenatal diagnosis is possible by measuring DHPR activity in different cell types but this is time consuming. More than 25 different mutations have to date been identified in the QDPR gene and direct identification of a mutation in a fetus would be easy and rapid. We have developed a method based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for the analysis of the QDPR gene. The method is useful for rapid and simultaneous scanning of all exons and flanking intronic sequences of the QDPR gene. We describe the first prenatal diagnosis conducted using this method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal determination of uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase activity

A prenatal diagnosis has been performed in a pregnancy at risk for uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase deficiency, an enzyme variation causing severe symptoms in the neonatal period similar to those of classical galactosaemia. The postnatal enzyme investigation, and uneventful development of the child, indicate that the prediction of an unaffected, heterozygous, fetus was correct.     

多功能富氧净水器在养殖领域的研究与应用

多功能富氧净水器的研究,采用聚丙烯微孔滤膜、复合活性炭纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及复合炭粒作为过滤吸附材料,并采用三碘树脂杀菌剂和载银活性炭复合杀菌剂进行灭菌,应用"综合过滤渗透法"的机理,将净化、矿化、灭菌、增氧等有机结合并进行反复的研究和试验,有效去除了水中微生物、污染物,降低化学需氧量和水的硬度,达到净化水质,增加水中溶解氧等预期效果,成功的应用在水产养殖等领域。