雷州无瓣海桑群落7种元素的生物累积和循环

在雷州市附城镇岚北人工生态恢复的 7a生无瓣海桑群落生物量调查的基础上 ,对所采集的无瓣海桑进行了植物体各组分样品的灰分和元素含量测定与循环分析 ,结果表明 :无瓣海桑植物体不同组分的灰分含量范围为 2 .2 7%～ 2 6 .4 1% ,以细根的含量最高 ,枯枝的含量最低 .植物体各组分中 7种元素质量分数范围分别为K 0 .11%～ 1.5 6 % ,Na0 .11%～ 1.6 6 % ,Ca 0 .2 0 %～ 2 .6 6 % ,Mg 0 .15 %～ 1.5 9% ,Fe 0 .0 4× 10 -3 ～ 9.6 4× 10 -3 ,Zn 0 .0 5× 10 -4～ 1.0 3× 10 -4,Cu0 .16× 10 -5～ 1.5 0× 10 -5.其加权平均的富集系数为 0 .0 5～ 9.70 ,其中Ca >K >Cu >Na >Mg>Zn >Fe .群落现存生物量中的累积储量分别为K 10 9.76gm-2 ,Ca 138.89gm-2 ,Na 86 .5 7gm-2 ,Mg 81.0 7gm-2 ,Fe 13.139gm-2 ,Zn 0 .4 83gm-2 ,Cu 0 .10 8gm-2 .群落 2 0 0 1年的元素存留累积储量分别为Ca4 1.6 8gm-2 ,K 37.2 4gm-2 ,Mg 2 7.33gm-2 ,Na2 5 .5 6gm-2 ,Fe 4 .2 75gm-2 ,Zn 0 .188gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 39gm-2 .2 0 0 1年归还量分别为Ca 2 8.5 9gm-2 ,K 16 .83gm-2 ,Mg 12 .0 7gm-2 ,Na 11.5 8gm-2 ,Fe 0 .916gm-2 ,Zn 0 .14 1gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 2 6gm-2 .年吸收量分别为Ca 70 .2 7gm-2 ,K 5 4 .0 7gm-2 ,Mg 39.4 0gm-2 ,Na 37.1     

关帝山不同海拔土壤碳矿化和微生物特征

以山西省关帝山不同海拔的8个样地土壤为研究对象,分析不同海拔土壤碳氮含量、土壤碳矿化和细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌6类微生物量的变化.结果表明,海拔为2163m时,土壤有机碳和活性碳1（LC1）最高,分别为74.41和6.72g/kg,在海拔2700m总氮含量最高为6.54g/kg.土壤碳矿化累积量和碳矿化速率因海拔的升高而显著增加（P<0.05）,土壤碳矿化累积量和活性碳2（LC2）之间有显著正相关.土壤细菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量在海拔为1791m时最高,分别为3.41×10⁶、1.90×10⁶和1.21×10⁶个/g,细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量随着海拔的升高而逐渐下降,与海拔之间呈显著负相关;相反,硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量却逐渐增加,在海拔为2700m时最高,分别为1.37×10⁴和6.02×10³个/g,它们与海拔和总氮之间的关系呈显著正相关（P<0.01）.总之,土壤有机碳、总氮、碳矿化累积量、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌随海拔显著增加,而细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌随海拔的变化呈相反的趋势.     

Radioactivity measurements in moss (Hypnum cupressiforme) and lichen (Cladonia rangiformis) samples collected from Marmara region of Turkey

The present study was conducted to compare the ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U activity concentrations in epigeic moss (Hypnum cupressiforme) and lichen (Cladonia rangiformis). The activity levels in 37 moss and 38 lichen samples collected from the Marmara region of Turkey were measured using a gamma spectrometer equipped with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U in the moss samples were found to be in the range of 0.36-8.13, 17.1-181.1, 1.51-6.17, and 0.87-6.70 Bq kg⁻¹ respectively, while these values were below detection limit (BDL)-4.32, 16.6-240.0, 1.32-6.47, and BDL-3.57 Bq kg⁻¹ respectively in lichen. The average moss/lichen activity ratios of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U were found to be 1.32 ± 0.57, 2.79 ± 1.67, 2.11 ± 0.82, and 2.19 ± 1.02, respectively. Very low ¹³⁷Cs concentrations were observed in moss and lichen samples compared to soil samples collected from the same locations in a previous study. Seasonal variations of the measured radionuclide activities were also examined in the three sampling stations.     

重铬酸钾褪色法和硫酸铬显色法直接测定COD_Cr

建立了重铬酸钾褪色法和硫酸铬显色法直接比色测定CODcr的方法，重铬酸钾褪色法测定范围10-700mg／L，检出限7.0mg／L，三次平行测定CODcr值为417mg／L样品，标准差为2.6mg／L，回收率为96.6％；硫酸铬显色法的测定范围30-1200mg／L，检出限为23.0mg／L，三次平行测定CODcr值为987mg／L，标准差为22.3mg／L，回收率为96.3％，两种方法都优于HJ／T399-2007推荐的方法。     

基于SIFT与SVM的应急救援图像检测方法研究*

针对公共安全突发事件应急救援的封闭空间场景（Confined Space Scene，CSS）信息采集不通畅、不全面而影响救援等问题，提出1种基于不变特征转换（Scale invariant feature transform，SIFT）和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine，SVM）的图像信息异常检测方法。在场景内外信息传递“断环”情况下，该方法可利用物联网技术采集的图片，或以网络图片信息、历史类似场景数据等作为补充，通过SIFT特征提取、K means聚类处理以及SVM分类，实现场景的智能识别。经仿真分析，该方法能实现封闭空间内外部图像信息互通，“接补”因无法了解事件内部情况而产生的救援环节链条的“断环”，为救援提供决策参考。     

氮磷钾和乙二胺四乙酸对镉污染三叶鬼针草的吸收特征研究

超富集植物的筛选是植物修复重金属污染土壤技术的核心内容.采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了Cd胁迫下添加营养元素N、P、K和螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)的生长反应和生理生化特性以及对Cd的吸收积累特征.盆栽试验结果显示,在Cd为10 mg/kg时,添加营养元素N、P、K和EDT...     

External gamma-ray dose rate and radon concentration in indoor environments covered with Brazilian granites

Health hazard from natural radioactivity in Brazilian granites, covering the walls and floor in a typical dwelling room, was assessed by indirect methods to predict external gamma-ray dose rates and radon concentrations. The gamma-ray dose rate was estimated by a Monte Carlo simulation method and validated by in-situ measurements with a NaI spectrometer. Activity concentrations of ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴⁰K in an extensive selection of Brazilian commercial granite samples measured by using gamma-ray spectrometry were found to be 4.5-450 Bq kg⁻¹, 4.9-160 Bq kg⁻¹ and 190-2029 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The maximum external gamma-ray dose rate from floor and walls covered with the Brazilian granites in the typical dwelling room (5.0 m × 4.0 m area, 2.8 m height) was found to be 120 nGy h⁻¹, which is comparable with the average worldwide exposure to external terrestrial radiation of 80 nGy h⁻¹ due to natural sources, proposed by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Radon concentrations in the room were also estimated by a simple mass balance equation and exhalation rates calculated from the measured values of ²²⁶Ra concentrations and the material properties. The results showed that the radon concentration in the room ventilated adequately (0.5 h⁻¹) will be lower than 100 Bq m⁻³, value recommended as a reference level by the World Health Organization.     

施肥对桉树生长及植株营养效应的研究

本研究在雷州半岛贫瘠的砖红壤上进行．施用基肥可提高尾叶桉材积的生长量，直至4年时仍有极显著的效应．最佳施肥处理比不施肥材积肥材积增长315％基肥的施用以氮、磷、钾配施效果课最好．施PK、NK、NP的材积分别只有NPK全肥的67％、42％和28％。本试验不同处理中，最佳配比是每株N15g、P30g、K30g．施用一定量的N、P、K可改善植株的养分状况．过量施用反而不利N、P、K的正常吸收．破坏养分平衡．     

北京城市水系水环境模拟及情景分析

城市水系是流域水环境管理中最为脆弱的控制点.针对城市水系水动力条件差、有机污染和富营养化严重的问题,应用QUAL2K模型模拟、预测城市水系水环境的时空变化,并在此基础上探讨北环水系水环境管理和污染防治的合理有效方案.结果显示,经过多次调整后的模型模拟的匹配度达到了0.9135,水温、溶解氧、COD、TN、TP和Chl-...     

The South African mineral and petroleum resources royalty act—Background and fundamental principles

After a prolonged drafting and consultation process, South Africa has introduced a new royalty charge to holders of mineral development rights. Deciding on an acceptable royalty is a complex process, especially when it targets deceptive economic rents. This is achieved with a variable royalty rate that slides in tandem with mine profitability. The base is sales revenue and to compensate for the need to charge for the mineral in its unprocessed form, refined production is charged at a lower rate. The aim of this paper is to discuss the Royalty Act in the context of its background, the underlying theory and fundamental principles. This paper argues that the fundamental principles on which the Act is based are sound, but raises a concern on potentially high compliance and reporting costs.