Human-derived cell lines to study xenobiotic metabolism

In vitro systems make for rapid identification of xenobiotic effects and can be used to study cellular and subcellular toxicity mechanisms. In this report the metabolic competence of two human-derived cell lines, a hepatic (Hep G2) and a pulmonary one (A549) was tested. In the two cell systems the capability to activate Benzo[a]Pyrene through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and to form reactive metabolites was analysed. ³H-BaP and the scintillation counting analysis were used to show the differences of the metabolic activity in Hep G2 and A549. A similar time course of ³H-BaP uptake was observed in the cell systems. Nevertheless, in the two cell lines the distribution of radioactive metabolites seemed to reflect a specific tissue response to toxicity.     

多环芳烃共代谢对苯并[a]蒽微生物降解的影响及机制

利用14C同位素示踪技术,研究土壤中菲、蒽、芘3种底物对苯并[a]蒽(BaA)环境归趋的影响,高通量测序解析细菌群落响应.结果表明,3种底物均可以促进BaA的降解,添加蒽作为共代谢底物后,BaA矿化率比对照提高了2.5％,而添加菲、芘时,14C在土壤的结合态比对照升高4％,达总添加量的31％.共代谢底物改变了细菌共生网...     

表面活性剂对Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9降解苯并[a]芘的影响

研究了非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100（TX-100）和Tween80（TW-80）对苯并[a]芘的增溶特性及对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9生长的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂对苯并[a]芘均有良好的增溶效果,均能作为碳源和能源被菌株Bap9所利用,TX-100增溶能力和增殖能力相对更强;不同浓度的TX-100对菌株降解苯并[a]芘的影响不同,当浓度为1 000 mg/L时,对降解的促进作用最强,可将苯并[a]芘降解率提高20.8%;在苯并[a]芘降解过程中,TX-100亦能作为碳源被菌株Bap9利用,不产生二次污染,因此可用于苯并[a]芘污染环境的生物修复。     

离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑对洋葱的遗传毒性作用

为探讨咪唑类离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C_8mim][C1])对洋葱的遗传毒性,用浓度分别为2.5、5、10和20mmol·L~(-1)的[C_8mim][C1]处理洋葱内表皮细胞和洋葱根尖8 h,用浓度为10 mmol·L~(-1)的[C_8mim][C1]处理洋葱内表皮细胞和洋葱根尖4 h、8 h、12 h和24 h,研究[C_8mim][C1]对洋葱内表皮细胞核的影响和对洋葱根尖有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着[C_8mim][Cl]处理浓度和时间的增加,洋葱内表皮细胞核偏移率明显升高,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著降低,染色体畸变现象明显,畸变率升高。研究表明,当浓度达到2.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,[C_8mim][Cl]对洋葱具有遗传毒性。     

苯并[a]芘对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

通过单细胞凝胶电泳技术（彗星试验）研究了苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）对马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensi）血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤。结果显示,在相同暴露时间内,不同质量浓度的B[a]P均能引起马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤。4μg.L-1 B[a]P处理组DNA含量、彗尾长度和Olive尾矩均最大,分别为34.39%、281.73和60.31μm。随着暴露时间的延长,彗星尾长明显增加,表现出明显的时间-效应关系,而DNA含量和Olive尾矩没有呈现出规律性变化。此外,在不同的染毒时间内,对照组和各处理组之间均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,3个指标具有很好的一致性。研究表明,彗星试验是检测B[a]P对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的一种有效手段,马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤可作为指示B[a]P污染的一种有效生物标志物用于早期预警监测。     

BiOCl/TiO2的氯化改性及其新式光生自由基催化反应

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了BiOCl/TiO₂复合催化剂,透射电镜（TEM）照片显示,两种半导体分布均匀、相互连接,形成的异质结可以为电子传导提供有效通道.经过氯化处理的复合材料具备更强的光催化能力,在紫外光条件下对苯的降解率达到90%,是原BiOCl/TiO₂的2倍、纯TiO₂的10倍.本文利用X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和电子顺磁共振,对表面氯化的机理进行研究.结果表明,氯元素以Ti—Cl的方式吸附在催化剂表面,在光照条件下光生空穴夺取一个电子,使其生成氯自由基,进而配合超氧、羟基,构成一种新型的三自由基光催化体系,使催化降解能力大幅提升.最后,利用实验方法得到了光生氯自由基的直接证据,并构建了该体系的光催化反应机理.     

烟气组成对乙二胺合钴脱硝剂寿命的影响

在鼓泡反应器中考察了SO_2、CO_2的加入对乙二胺合钴体系脱硝的影响。结果表明:通入CO_2会导致脱硝率整体下降,CO_2竞争钴络合位点,在低CO_2浓度时生成碳酸盐络合物,并且其溶解转化消耗OH~-,阻碍了OH~-对NO_2络合物的再生,酸性的下降也使络合物稳定性降低。通入SO_2浓度越大,脱硝率和pH下降越快,pH降到7以下时络合物因解离而逐渐释放Co~(2+)和乙二胺,酸性条件下SO_2溶解产物与乙二胺的结合加速了络合物解离。在含SO_2混合气脱硝体系中不断补充少量乙二胺可使络合液原位再生。     

Determination of paraquat in water samples using a sensitive fluorescent probe titration method

Paraquat (PQ), a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values (ΔF) showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0×10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35×10^-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the guest were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.     

福建省水田土壤有机碳积累对未来温度升高的响应

明确未来温度升高下我国农田土壤的碳“源-汇”效应是合理制定碳中和管理政策的基础.以我国典型亚热带地区——整个福建省84个县(市、区)水田土壤为研究对象,基于目前该区域最详细的1∶5万大比例尺土壤数据库和生物地球化学过程模型(DNDC),模拟了2017～2053年不同温度升高情景下全省水田土壤的有机碳动态变化.结果表明,在常规温度(对照)以及温度上升2、4和6℃这4种情景分析下,福建省水田土壤的固碳总量分别为11.56、9.44、7.08和4.91 Tg,年均固碳速率(以C计)分别为173、141、106和74 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,说明随着未来温度升高固碳速率在下降,但总体而言在6℃升温下全省水田土壤仍是“碳汇”.从不同土壤类型来看,潜育水稻土受气温升高的影响最大,不同处理下固碳速率降幅介于20%～69%之间,而盐渍水稻土受气温升高的影响最小,不同处理下固碳速率降幅介于14%～43%之间.从不同行政区来看,受气温升高影响最大的是位于武夷山脉附近的三明市,不同处理下固碳速率降幅介于27%～83%之间,而受气温升高影响最小的是沿海的泉州市和莆...     

Study on the reaction of 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal with Cl atoms: kinetics and reaction mechanism

The reaction of Cl atoms with two C₅ aldehydes (3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal) were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum (PTR-MS) using smog chamber at 298 ± 1 K and 760 Torr. A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds: (3.04 ± 0.18)  ×  10⁻¹⁰ and (2.07 ± 0.14)  ×  10⁻¹⁰ cm³/(molecule⋅sec) for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal, respectively. Additionally, the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS, and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products. The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C₅ aldehydes reactions, mainly including small molecules of aldehydes, ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds. The atmospheric lifetimes (τ) calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal (τ = 7.0 hr, marine boundary layer (MBL)) and 3-methylbutanal (τ = 10.3 hr, MBL) according to the obtained rate constants. The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C₅ aldehyde compounds.