医疗废物典型物料热解过程中无机氯的气相迁移规律

在温度为600～900℃、氮气气氛下.用管式炉实验台对医疗废物典型组分--棉花和聚丙烯(PP)进行了快速热解实验.为了研究氯的迁移规律,对物料添加了适量的盐水,结果表明,医疗废物典型组分和NaCl溶液混合热解的过程中Cl的析出随着热解温度、热解时间和物料与Cl元素质量配比的改变而改变.研究发现,Cl的析出峰在以棉花为物料时出现在800℃,而用PP为物料时出现在700℃;随着热解时间的变化,Cl的析出率呈现不规律的变化:700℃棉花热解实验中,热解时间5min时.Cl的析出率只有0.0002,在10min时,析出率达到了0.0003;而在800℃棉花的热解实验中,5min时Cl的析出率为0.00062.而随着热解时间的增加,10min时,Cl的析出率却降到了0.00045.同时还发现,随着Cl元素含量的增加.其析出率也在提高,当Cl和物料质量比值增加1倍时,Cl的析出率也随着温度的变化相应的增加2～4倍.     

Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in an experimentally contaminated paddy soil by vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of growing vetiver grass on the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) under glasshouse conditions. Plant biomass, microbial biomass C and degradation of B[a]P were determined. B[a]P disappeared faster in the plant treatments than in unplanted controls. Disappearance of B[a]P was accompanied by an increase in soil microbial biomass C. Vetiver grass may promote the biodegradation of B[a]P under flooded conditions by plant roots by stimulating the microbial biomass. Microbial biomass was the main factor affecting dissipation of B[a]P under flooded conditions.     

Photochemical behavior of benzo[a]pyrene on soil surfaces under UV light irradiation

The rates of photodegradation and photocatalysis of benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） on soil surfaces under UV light have been studied. Different parameters such as temperature, soil particle sizes, and soil depth responsible for photodegradation, catalyst loads and wavelength of UV irradiation blamed for photocatalysis have been monitored. The results obtained indicated that BaP photodegradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. BaP photodegradation was the fastest at 30℃ . The rates of BaP photodegradation at different soil particle size followed the order： less than 1 mm〉less than 0.45 mm〉less than 0.25 mm. When the soil depth increased from 1 mm to 4 ram, the half-life increased from 13.23 d to 17.73 d. The additions of TiO2 or Fe2O3 accelerated the photodegradation of BaP, and the photocatalysis of BaP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Changes in catalyst loads of TiO2 （0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% （wt）） or Fe203 （2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% （wt）） did not significantly affect the degradation rates. Both BaP photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2 and Fe2O3 were the fastest at 254 nm UV irradiation.     

应用电致化学发光分子探针技术对微小原甲藻的检测

以双特异分子探针技术(NPA-SH)为基础,运用电致化学发光技术(ECL)和磁性微球分选技术对其进行改进,成功建立了用于赤潮藻类定性定量分析的电致化学发光分子探针(ECL-MP)检测新技术.设计微小原甲藻特异性NPA探针并对其进行联吡啶钌和生物素标记,优化磁性微球使用量,在ECL检测装置中启动电化学反应,建立光信号与微小原甲藻细胞数目间的ECL-MP分析曲线并对其进行验证.结果表明,标记后的NPA探针具有一定的特异性和实用性;4μg是检测20μL目标藻杂交混合液的最适磁性微球使用量;在最适条件下,微小原甲藻细胞数的线性分析范围6.25×102～4×104个;比较ECL-MP和显微计数方法的样品检测结果,在95%置信区间内二者无显著差异(t-检验).ECL-MP方法为实现微小原甲藻现场样品的快速准确检测提供了一种新方法.     

O(1D)与CF3Cl的反应研究

研究ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ－Ｏ₃体系在２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光照射下所引发的Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应．Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应最终产物为ＣＦ₂Ｏ、Ｆ₂、Ｃｌ₂,并讨论了Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应机理．研究表明,在本实验条件的２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光作用下,ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ自身不发生解离,同时Ｏ（³Ｐ）不与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ发生反应．此外外加气体（氮气、氧气）对Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应有较强的淬灭作用     

Simultaneous removal of NO and dichloromethane（CH2Cl2） over Nb-loaded cerium nanotubes catalyst

Herein, a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes（Ce NTs） catalysts with different loading amount of Nb₂O₅（0–10 wt.%） were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH₃（NH₃-SCR） in the presence of CH₂Cl₂. Commercial V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ catalyst was also prepared for comparison. The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb₂O₅ lo...     

尿液中多环芳烃羟基代谢产物分析方法研究

通过实验建立了"酶水解-固相萃取-HPLC 荧光检测"尿液中多环芳烃羟基代谢产物1-羟基芘,9-羟基苯并[a]芘和3-羟基苯并[a]芘的分析方法,研究了3种代谢产物在不同保存温度下的稳定性,并通过对200个实际尿液的测定初步验证了该方法的可行性。该方法回收率为70%～85%,最低检出限为0 02～0 05μg L。-20℃保存的尿液样品及尿液提取液中3种化合物在1个月内降解了10%～36%,提取液比尿液的稳定性稍好,保存温度越高稳定性越差。      

厦门海岸气溶胶中氯亏损研究

对厦门海岸两个采样点大气气溶胶进行观测分析,研究发现在1号采样点由于人为排放的影响,使粗、细粒径气溶胶中Cl^－/Na⁺比值大于1.16,研究还表明,在人为污染较轻的２号采样点,当粗粒径气溶胶中Na⁺/Ca²⁺比值大于1.0,细粒径气溶胶中Na⁺/Ca²⁺比值大于2.0时,气溶胶中Cl^-/Na⁺比值小于1.16,存在氯亏损现象,反之,气溶胶中存在氯富集。前者是由于二次反应产生;后者由于人为一次排放源的贡献所致。     

本世纪华东地区两种不同空间分布类型的地震活动性分析

综合分析本世纪以来华东地区地震资料相对可靠的中强地震活动，发现前后两阶段有着不同的空间分布类型。第１阶段地震活动集中在苏鲁近海、菏泽一带及大别山地区，呈环状分布。而１９７１年以来的第２阶段中强地震全都分布在菏泽至溧阳北西向一线的东北一侧，并呈网络性分布。其中已经发生的３次６级以上地震都分布在上阶段较少地震活动的苏南至长江口及邻近海域。同时分析研究了各阶段地震活动特点，以及由于受北东、北西向构造控制影响，所划分华东地区三大部分地震活动在两阶段出现的震场迁移。最后指出该地区目前应重点注意苏南至长江口及邻近地区的地震活动。