一株苯并[a]芘高效降解真菌的筛选与降解特性

从长期受多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的土壤中分离出一株能够降解苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)的真菌,经鉴定为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)(命名为BF-1),并对其以B[a]P为唯一碳源进行反复驯化,考察了B[a]P浓度、不同重金属和培养基对其降解能力的影响.结果表明,菌株BF-1在B[a]P浓度为5mg.L-1,32℃振荡培养约6d的条件下,降解速度最快,B[a]P的降解率达68.28%.BF-1在B[a]P浓度分别为10与25mg.L-1,32℃振荡培养6d的条件下,B[a]P的降解率分别为73.29%与87.36%.Cu2+(50mg.L-1)基本不影响BF-1对B[a]P的降解率;Cd2+(100mg.L-1)、Pb2+(300mg.L-1)对BF-1降解B[a]P有一定影响,但仍表现出较高的耐受能力;而Zn2+(200mg.L-1)对BF-1有明显的抑制作用.选用含5mg.L-1B[a]P的土豆葡萄糖液体培养基,6d后B[a]P的降解率为71.31%.对比前述实验结果表明,培养基对B[a]P降解率的影响并不明显.因此,BF-1的应用价值较高.     

杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对重金属离子的萃取性能

以对叔丁基苯酚为原料合成杯[6]芳烃,再以杯[6]芳烃为母体,通过化学修饰合成得到杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物,采用IR对其结构性能进行了表征,并考察了溶液初始pH值、萃取时间、温度等因素对杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物萃取重金属离子(Pb2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Mn2+)性能的影响.结果表明,在25℃、pH=5.0、萃取时间为20 min的条件下,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对各重金属离子的萃取率均达到88％以上,最高萃取率达到96.3％.与杯[6]芳烃相比,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对重金属离子的萃取率提高了50％以上.     

离子液体双水相气浮溶剂浮选分离/富集水样中的盐酸多西环素研究

建立了以亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸[Bmim]BF4和Na H2PO4形成的二元双水相作为气浮溶剂分离/富集水样中盐酸多西环素的新方法,并采用紫外分光光度法对盐酸多西环素进行测定。考察了离子液体的初始加入量、盐的种类及浓度、p H值、浮选时间及N2流速等因素对体系浮选分离盐酸多西环素的影响。结果表明,改变离子液体和无机盐的加入量,会使体系的富集倍数发生变化,从而使体系的浮选效率和浓集系数发生变化;随浮选时间增加,体系的浮选效率先增加后略微下降;过大或过小的N2流速都会使体系对盐酸多西环素的浮选效率降低;而p H值对体系浮选盐酸多西环素影响不大。当[Bmim]BF4溶液加入量为3 m L、Na H2PO4加入量为25 g(质量分数为33.3%)、气浮时间为40 min、气浮速率为50 m L/min时,体系的浮选效率最高,可达95.8%,浓集系数可达23.95,此时体系的p H值为4.38。与离子液体双水相萃取(ILATPE)相比,该方法的优点在于不仅有较高的浮选率、浓集系数,还有效减少了离子液体的用量,同时操作更简单、环境友好。     

Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinaemia: Review of a 10-year experience including recent use of DNA analysis

Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinaemia has been accomplished by three different methods to date: (1) enzyme assay of cultured fetal cells; (2) quantification of citrullirie in amniotic fluid supernatant; and (3) incorporation of [¹⁴C]citrulline into protein by cultured fetal cells. Our laboratory has used these methods to perform prenatal diagnosis for 28 fetuses over a 10-year period. More recently, DNA polymorphisms were used for prenatal diagnosis by linkage analysis. Of the 28 fetuses studied, 23 were predicted to be unaffected, four were predicted to be affected, and results were conflicting in one case where [¹⁴C]citrulline incorporation erroneously indicated an affected fetus but linkage analysis correctly predicted an unaffected fetus. Because of low levels of enzyme activity in heterozygotes and in certain amniotic fluid cell types, biochemical diagnosis of citrullinaemia is complicated by the risk of false affected results, although [¹⁴C]citrulline incorporation is relatively reliable. When informative, linkage analysis is the preferable method for cases with a 25 per cent risk. The risk of false affected results makes prenatal diagnosis for cases with less than 25 per cent risk of questionable value.     

污泥掺烧过程中Cl/S/P/矿物质的热交互作用对Cd迁移转化行为的影响

采用化学热力学平衡分析方法,应用污泥实测数据模拟计算了污泥掺烧过程中Cl/S/P与矿物质的交互作用,重点模拟研究了Cl/S/P/矿物质交互体系对Cd迁移转化的影响.研究结果表明,污泥掺烧过程含Cl、S及P逸出气体以HCl(g)、SO_2(g)及(P_2O_5)_2(g)形式排放.污泥掺烧含有CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3体系中,CaO可以抑制S以SO_2(g)释放,而SiO_2及Al_2O_3对SO_2(g)逸出有促进作用,同时CaO及Al_2O_3可以抑制P的挥发.污泥掺烧过程中SiO_2及Al_2O_3对Cd挥发都有一定抑制作用,但CaO及Fe_2O_3对Cd基本无影响;当Cl存在时,Ti O2和SiO_2对Cd吸附作用减弱,并使Al_2O_3吸附剂失效;当S存在时,可导致吸附剂对Cd中毒,而P可导致Al_2O_3吸附剂失效;Cl-S-P耦合体系中,单一矿物质对Cd迁移转化影响主要受Cl和S控制.SiO_2+CaO+Al_2O_3共存体系中,Cl的存在可导致固体吸附剂SiO_2和Al_2O_3失效;S、S+Cl、S+P、S+Cl+P的存在受控元素为S,并且可以抑制Cd的挥发;P、Cl+P的存在对Cd影响受控元素为Cl,可促进Cd挥发.     

以三乙烯四胺为前驱体合成的离子液体对CO2的吸收效果研究

以三乙烯四胺(TETA)为阳离子前驱体合成多胺基离子液体([TETAH]+[Cl]-、[TETAH]+[NO_3]~-、2[TETAH]+[SO_4]~(2-)和[TETAH]+[BF_4]~-),以CO_2摩尔吸收量和CO_2平均吸收速率为评价指标,优选出对CO_2吸收效果最优的2[TETAH]+[SO_4]~(2-)离子液体.进一步考察在不同含水率、气体流量和温度等因素下2[TETAH]+[SO_4]~(2-)离子液体对CO_2的吸收效果,结果表明:2[TETAH]+[SO_4]~(2-)吸收CO_2的最佳条件为含水率30%、气体流量50 m L·min~(-1)、温度10℃,此时CO_2饱和摩尔吸收量达到1.325 mol·mol~(-1),各因素对CO_2吸收量的影响大小顺序为含水率气体流量温度.     

THE EFFECT OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ON GROUND‐WATER QUALITY NEAR DETROIT,MICHIGAN1

ABSTRACT: Two water‐quality studies were done on the outskirts of the Detroit metropolitan area to determine how recent residential development has affected ground‐water quality. Pairs of monitor and domestic wells were sampled in areas where residential land use overlies glacial outwash deposits. Young, shallow waters had significantly higher median concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and dissolved solids than older, deeper waters. Analysis of chloride/bromide ratios indicates that elevated salinities are due to human activities rather than natural factors, such as upward migration of brine. Trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds were detected in samples from 97 percent of the monitor wells. Pesticides were detected infrequently even though they are routinely applied to lawns and roadways in the study area. The greatest influence on ground‐water quality appears to be from septic‐system effluent (domestic sewage, household solvents, water‐softener backwash) and infiltration of storm‐water runoff from paved surfaces (road salt, fuel residue). No health‐related drinking‐water standards were exceeded in samples from domestic wells. However, the effects of human activities are apparent in 76 percent of young waters, and at depths far below 25 feet, which is the current minimum well‐depth requirement.     

多环芳烃共代谢对苯并[a]蒽微生物降解的影响及机制

利用14C同位素示踪技术,研究土壤中菲、蒽、芘3种底物对苯并[a]蒽(BaA)环境归趋的影响,高通量测序解析细菌群落响应.结果表明,3种底物均可以促进BaA的降解,添加蒽作为共代谢底物后,BaA矿化率比对照提高了2.5％,而添加菲、芘时,14C在土壤的结合态比对照升高4％,达总添加量的31％.共代谢底物改变了细菌共生网...     

碱法草浆造纸黑液资源化治理技术进展

本文介绍了碱法草浆造纸黑液资源化治理常见的三种方法：酸析木素法、碱回收法及联产资源化法,并对三种方法的优、缺点作了比较。     

生物滴滤床净化二甲苯废气的性能研究

分别以大小两种拉西环作为生物滴滤床填料净化二甲苯废气,研究入口负荷、气体停留时间、营养液喷淋密度及营养液中氯化铵的质量浓度对生物滴滤床净化效果的影响.实验结果表明:随着入口负荷的增加,去除负荷也呈增加趋势,但二者并非线性关系.气体停留时间越长,去除效果越好.营养液中氯化铵的质量浓度对去除效果有显著影响,充足的氮源是高去除率的保证.在氮源充足的前提下,营养液喷淋密度对去除效果无显著影响.