产中性纤维素酶芽孢杆菌Y106产酶条件优化

筛选得到一株高产中性纤维素酶的芽孢杆菌Ｙ１０６，并对其发酵条件进行了优化，麸皮能够较大幅度地促进产酶，果糖是良好的诱导物，有机氮流促进产酶的效果优于无机氮源，最优的有机氮源是蛋白胨。Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋可以促进纤维素酶的合成，而Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ａｇ＾＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋则对合成起遏制作用，在酶反应系统中Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋能激活纤维素酶活性，Ｃｏ     

河流水质预测的因素状态网络模型研究

建立了一种河流水质预测的因素状态人工神经网络模型,其算例的计算结果表明,这一种方法有着极大的研究意义和广阔的应用前景。      

餐厨垃圾厌氧处理“碳中和”综合效益评价

为综合评估餐厨垃圾厌氧处理的环境影响与效益,对某餐厨垃圾厌氧处理工艺及其技术单元进行生命周期环境影响评价,并建立“碳中和”计算模型预测与验证实际碳排及耗能情况,综合“环境影响-碳排耗能-经济效益-社会效益”对实际案例进行评估.结果表明,沼肥加工和沼气提纯技术单元分别造成39%和59%总环境影响.另外,粗油提炼、沼气提纯以生物基产品回收形式大幅度削减碳排,分别占理论碳削减的9.7%和54.7%.餐厨垃圾处理厂需通过增加系统稳定性、完善气体监测体系、提高技术处理效率和优化设备额外耗能情况等方式,以减少理论与实际碳排能耗偏差.经综合评价,该餐厨垃圾处理厂模式具备实现“负碳”潜力,其工艺推广具有未来前景.     

政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

根据道路交通碳排放的影响机理,提出同时把上游燃料供应企业、中游汽车生产企业、下游汽车使用者同时作为道路交通碳交易的责任主体,设计了政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,包括碳配额总量设定、初始碳配额分配、行业基准设定、履约考核、市场交易以及监测报告核查等制度.通过案例与情景分析揭示了道路交通碳交易的多主体协同作用机理：在政府对于碳配额总量和行业基准的调控下,燃料供应企业将通过改变燃料成分来降低燃料排放因子;汽车生产企业将通过提高汽车燃油经济性和新能源汽车比例来降低汽车能耗强度;汽车使用者将通过减少车辆行驶里程降低交通需求或者购买使用新能源汽车.本文所提出的政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,可以分别从上游、中游、下游促进道路交通碳排放的3个关键影响因素——燃料排放因子、汽车能耗强度、交通活动需求协同优化,能够有效控制道路交通温室气体排放增长,进而加速“碳达峰”的实现和“碳中和”的转型.     

RBF神经网络在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用

运用MATLAB软件的K均值聚类算法结合神经网络工具箱,通过建立RBF神经网络对郑汴路圃田—杏花营段路旁土壤进行了评价。结果表明,土壤重金属积累峰值污染峰值多出现在距路基50m范围以内,并随着距路基距离的增加,污染程度逐渐下降。风力因素和邻近铁路对路段两侧土壤重金属污染影响较大,且公路运营时间越早,对两侧土壤污染越严重。杏花营断面土壤质量以Ⅱ级为主,北侧断面土壤质量多为Ⅲ级。圃田断面各样点综合评价结果均为Ⅱ级,整体质量优于杏花营断面。RBF神经网络评价方法具有计算速度快,评价结果客观等优点。     

基于BP神经网络的义水河水环境质量评价研究

水质质量涉及多个影响因子,因子间大多具有非线性相关性,因此,水质评价是一个具有多因子的非线性系统。人工神经网络具有非线性映射的特点,能够有效地处理非线性相关问题,将其应用于水质评价中能够获得更为准确的信息。文章以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、石油类等6个指标作为评价因子,通过构造BP网络模型对义水河水质进行评价,分析了义水河4个断面的水质状况,并与单因子评价法结果进行了比较分析。     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic in vitro evaluation of ivermectin and its formulation ivomec® on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126™) cells

Genotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) and its commercial formulation ivomec® (IVM 1.0%) were studied on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126?) cells by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) while cytotoxicity was determined by cell-cycle progression (CCP), proliferative rate index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red (NR) endpoints within a 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. While IVM and ivomec® did not markedly affect SCE frequencies, these agents induced DNA-strand breaks enhancing both slightly damaged and damaged cells at 25–50 and 5–50 µg mL^?1 IVM and ivomec®, respectively. Both compounds exerted a delay in CCP and reduction of PRI at 10 µg mL^?1. Cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations higher than 25 µg mL^?1. A marked reduction of about 98% and 94% of MI compared to controls was noted with 25 µg mL^?1 of IVM and ivomec®, respectively. NR and MTT assays revealed that both compounds induced a cell growth inhibition within the 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. Data indicated that IVM and ivomec® exert both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in insect cells in vitro, at least in A. albopictus larvae CCL-126? cells.     

Impaired phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by increased phospholipase B activity induced by 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone

Tobacco products and cigarette smoke cause many respiratory diseases including cancer. 4-(Methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke, but its effect on lipid metabolism remains enigmatic. Hence, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was exposed to different concentrations of NNK (0–400?µmol?L^?1) to elucidate its role in lipid metabolism. Exposure to NNK substantially decreases (about 60%) of the phospholipid content with a concomitant increase in lysophospholipids. Significant reduction was observed in the phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with NNK-treated cells. On the contrary, cells accumulated significant amount of neutral lipids and free fatty acids. Exposure of yeast cells (wild-type cells and three plbΔ mutant strains) to NNK greatly enhances the hydrolysis of phospholipid in the presence of calcium. We are the first to report that exposure to NNK enhances phospholipase B (PLB), particularly plb1p activity. Furthermore, NNK also promotes the alteration of phospholipid fatty acid (FA) content. These results suggest that NNK aids in the degradation of phospholipids by enhanced PLB activity and is accompanied with FA alteration. Understanding the altered phospholipid metabolism in the presence of NNK remains a worthy pursuit.     

煤矿作业人员人因可靠性的径向基神经网络评价模型研究

依据人因可靠性原理、事故致因理论,结合煤矿生产系统的特点,提出了观测可靠度的概念,确立了一系列便于统计和赋值的人因可靠性评价指标。针对人因失误事件过程的动态性、复杂性以及数据的不完整性,利用径向基（RBF）神经网络学习速度快、抗干扰能力强的特点,建立了基于RBF神经网络的煤矿作业人员人因可靠性评价模型。对于岗位工龄短或有效记录不足的煤矿作业人员,利用训练好的RBF神经网络模型进行人因可靠性评价,经过实例验算证实了模型的可信性。     

我国碳交易试点政策的减排效应及地区差异

基于连续性双重差分等方法,评估2004～2017年我国碳交易试点政策的减排效应及地区差异,并分析其作用机制.结果显示,碳交易政策能使试点地区的碳排放强度下降9.5％,碳市场规模?活跃度每增加1％,将分别带来试点地区碳排放强度下降0.9％和0.7％.异质性影响上,碳交易政策对东中部地区的减排效应明显,对西部地区无明显作用...