THE EFFECT OF CURRENT ON PERIPHYTIC PRODUCTIVITY AS DETERMINED USING CARBON-141

ABSTRACT: Productivity measurements of organisms attached to artificial substrates ranged from 6.5–7.6 mg C/m²/hr and were 17-65% greater in stirred bottles (simulated flow) than under static conditions. Carbon-14 was used to determine the effect of current on the primary productivity of these organisms in six artificial streams at the Flowing Streams Laboratory on the Savannah River Plant (U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, Aiken, South Carolina, U.SA.). Seasonal changes in dominant organisms were monitored from June 1973 to March 1974. Estimates of productivity, accumulated biomass, and levels of chlorophyll a were compared for possible correlation. Production of chlorophyll a ranged from 50 to 381 mg/m², and accumulated biomass ranged from 45 to 181 g/m² on the artificial substrates (glass microscope slides) during the period of study. Productivity of attached organisms was generally an order of magnitude greater than productivity of phytoplankton or tychoplankton. The consistently higher productivity in simulated flowing systems than in static systems tends to cast some doubt on values obtained when lotic communities have been enclosed or isolated in chambers or bottles without inducing a current or stirring action.     

附着生物对沉水植物伊乐藻生长的研究

以沉水植物伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalii(Plant.)ST.John.)为研究对象,室内利用原位湖水进行培养,通过测定伊乐藻的生物量、叶绿素质量分数、光合作用速率等指标,研究了附着生物量的增加对沉水植物伊乐藻的影响。结果表明,随着附着生物处理量的增加,伊乐藻的生物量、叶绿素质量分数以及光合作用速率随之下降,50d后,各处理的生物量与对照相比分别减少了约5%~15%,叶绿素质量分数以及光合作用速率下降了20%~43%、10%~36%。同时也分析了丝状藻对沉水植物伊乐藻的遮阴作用,初步推测附着生物对沉水植物伊乐藻的影响可能是由于附着生物的遮荫作用。研究的结果为揭示富营养化湖泊沉水植被衰退的机理提供了理论依据。     

The Influence of Varying Planktonic and Periphytic Algal Biomass On Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Mesocosms

Algal populations, either suspended in the water column (planktonic) or present on the walls of an enclosure (periphytic), develop differently depending upon the physical scale of the system. This study determined whether these variations altered the speciation and therefore exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in estuarine mesocosms. Exposure was defined as the fraction of applied contaminant taken up by plankton after two hours. Using a three phase equilibrium model, the partitioning of a suite of PCBs within variously-sized mesocosms was predicted using laboratory derived distribution coefficients and measured levels of planktonic and periphytic algal biomass. in mesocosms having large wall surface area to volume ratios, sorption of hydrophobic PCBs to periphyton significantly decreased contaminant exposure. However, within the range of planktonic algal biomasses observed in this study, the regulation of PCB exposure was relatively invariant between variously-sized mesocosms. to minimize sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to periphyton and reduce artefacts inherent with this partitioning, we suggest using mesocosms with low wall surface area to volume ratios (less than or equal to 1). in addition, periphytic biomass should be quantified regularly and a three-phase equilibrium approach used to predict the actual exposure concentrations.     

上海市河道周丛藻类群落特征与环境因子间的关系研究

通过对上海地区主要水体黄浦江、苏州河7个断面周丛藻类群落及水质情况的全年连续监测,同时结合研究区域的物理生境、水文学指标等环境因子,采用多元统计方法,分析藻类群落的种类组成与数量特征,以及环境因子对藻类群落的主要影响关系.结果表明,①周丛藻类群落具有明显的时空变化趋势,藻类数量及群落密度均在上游区域以及水温较高条件下增加,而群落多样性则在下游及低温条件下显著降低（p<0.05）;②水质、水域功能区划类型以及氮、磷等营养物质浓度是影响藻类种类组成及分布差异的主要环境因子;③一些具有较高优势度的周丛藻类,如系带舟形藻（Navicula cincta）、微小色球藻（Chroococcus minutus）和钝脆杆藻（Fragilaria capucina）对水体氮、磷营养物质变化具有很高的敏感性,从而可作为不同区域水体水质的有效指示藻类.     

氮负荷升高对螺-附着藻-苦草生态关系的影响

本文设计了双因子(氮负荷升高、有无螺类)受控实验,研究了氮负荷升高(太湖正常氮负荷的3倍)对螺-附着藻-苦草关系的影响.结果表明,氮负荷升高处理明显提高了水体总氮、总溶解氮、叶绿素a等指标的含量,显著增加了附着生物干重,进而抑制了苦草生长;与正常氮负荷处理组相比,3倍氮负荷处理组中苦草的相对生长率、株高和叶片数分别降低了33%、25%和13%.环棱螺降低了附着生物干重和水体叶绿素a含量,明显促进了苦草生长.氮负荷升高和环棱螺存在对水体各项理化指标、附着生物干重和苦草的各项生长指标均无交互作用.此外,氮负荷升高还降低了环棱螺的生长速率.分析认为,氮负荷升高对沉水植物生长的抑制机理主要体现在浮游藻类与附着生物生物量增加的抑制效应;环棱螺的存在虽然在一定程度上减弱了这种效应,但由于氮负荷升高还同时使环棱螺生长率降低,削弱了其对附着生物的牧食压力,从而使得附着生物对苦草生长的抑制作用加强.因此,氮负荷升高使螺-附着藻-沉水植物之间的生态关系失衡,也可能是氮浓度较高的富营养湖泊中沉水植被稀少的重要原因.