全文获取类型
收费全文 | 207篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 116篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 7篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 124篇 |
基础理论 | 104篇 |
污染及防治 | 76篇 |
评价与监测 | 11篇 |
社会与环境 | 7篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有339条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
111.
为研究石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应,将栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暴露于0.08、0.21和0.88mg·L-1石油烃中,采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验(彗星实验)技术检测不同暴露时间扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度,对照组中石油烃背景浓度为0.04mg·L-1。结果显示,低浓度(0.08mg·L-1)的石油烃短期(<7d)内即可导致栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤,并且随石油烃浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,DNA损伤程度增加,石油烃浓度达0.88mg·L-1时,DNA损伤程度已非常严重。3d恢复实验后,各浓度组DNA损伤又均有不同程度的恢复。研究表明,彗星实验是检测石油烃对海洋贝类DNA损伤的一种有效手段,贝类血淋巴细胞DNA损伤有望成为石油烃污染的一种生物标志物,用于海洋污染的早期预警监测。 相似文献
112.
生物可降解材料PHBV的细胞毒性评价的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过体外细胞毒性试验,对新型材料β-羟基丁酸与β-羟基戊酸共聚物(PHBV)的细胞生物相容性进行了研究.主要依据ISO10993及GB/T16886-1997的标准,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT assay)比色法对PHBV的细胞毒性进行评价.选用不同体积分数、不同温度下的PHBV材料浸提液为培养液,以及与PHBV材料直接接触培养来检测1d、3 d、5 d小鼠成纤维细胞BHK-21的相对增值率,确定PHBV材料的毒性程度.实验结果表明,PHBV材料即使在高温下其物理化学性质也很稳定;它的细胞毒性程度为0级,有着良好的细胞生物相容性. 相似文献
113.
Mehvish Mumtaz Yixiang Bao Wenchao Li Lingxiao Kong Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):67
114.
115.
用SOS/umu测试评价光电催化降解五氯酚过程的遗传毒性特征 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用SOS/umu测试研究了五氯酚水溶液在光电催化反应过程中的遗传毒性变化及降解产物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA1535/pSK1002的细胞毒性,并与五氯酚在直接光解、光催化反应过程中的降解产物进行了比较.五氯酚光电催化降解过程中降解产物对测试菌种的细胞毒性逐渐降低,产物经代谢活化的细胞毒性低于直接光解、光催化降解五氯酚的产物.五氯酚经光电催化降解15 ̄45分钟的产物经代谢活化测试结果呈阳性,在60 ̄120分钟的降解产物呈阴性,说明五氯酚的光电催化降解过程中生成了间接遗传毒性物质,但该类物质能够在光电催化过程中被去除.而五氯酚经直接光解、光催化处理120分钟的产物均具有遗传毒性风险.本研究结果表明光电催化技术的环境安全性优于直接光解、光催化技术.此外,SOS/umu测试作为一种简单、灵敏的遗传毒性物质检测方法,适合于评价光电催化技术的遗传毒性特征,可以作为评价该技术环境安全性的生态毒理学方法之一. 相似文献
116.
117.
Sa Bonetta E. Carraro Si. Bonetta C. Pignata I. Pavan C. Romano G. Gilli 《Chemosphere》2009,75(11):1446-1452
Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) is a passive sampler that sequesters lipophilic contaminants, mimicking the bioconcentration in the fatty tissue of organisms. This study was designed to assess the use of SPMD and biological tests (Comet assay and Ames test) for air monitoring. For this purpose an occupational environment with expected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination (coke plant) was selected for a case study. The SPMDs were deployed in five occupational contaminated sites and in a control site. The SPMD dialysates were chemically analysed and examined for in vitro DNA-damaging activity in human cells (Jurkat) by Comet assay and for mutagenicity with the Ames test (TA98 strain, w/o S9). Total suspended particulates were also collected and analysed (GC–MS). No biological effect of SPMD extract was revealed in the control site. On the other hand, air samples collected with SPMDs within the coke plant showed variable degrees of genotoxic and mutagenic activity. The highest effects were associated with the highest PAH level recovered in the SPMDs extracts and in particulate samples.Results obtained support the sensitivity of biological tests associated to SPMD sampling for evaluating the health risk of potentially contaminated work environments highlighting the usefulness of SPMDs for environmental air quality monitoring. 相似文献
118.
M. Ianistcki C. Sauer J. da Silva 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2037-2042
The purpose of this study was to biomonitor metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre (Brazil) for PAHs associated with atmospheric particles and check their effects on the DNA of the land mollusk Helix aspersa. The sampling sites are located in an urban area with heavy traffic: (i) Canoas, (ii) Sapucaia do Sul, and (iii) FIERGS/Porto Alegre. The samples were collected during a continuous period of 24 hours during 15 days using Stacked Filter Units (SFU) on polycarbonate filters (two separated size fractions: PM10-2.5 and PM<2.5). The concentrations of 16 major PAHs were determined according to EPA. Comet assay on H. aspersa hemolymph cells was chosen for genotoxicity evaluation. This evaluation shows that, in general, the smaller PM-size fractions (PM<2.5) have the highest genotoxicity and contain higher concentrations of extractable organic matter. In addition, associations between chemical characteristics and PM carcinogenicity tend to be stronger for the smaller PM-size fractions. 相似文献
119.
Stoimir Kolarević Jelena Knežević-Vukčević Momir Paunović Margareta Kračun Božica Vasiljević Jelena Tomović Branka Vuković-Gačić Zoran Gačić 《Chemosphere》2013
This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana for detection of genotoxic pollution of the environment. Study was performed at two sites in the Velika Morava River, from May 2010 to February 2011. The alkaline comet assay on haemocytes was used, and the olive tail moment (OTM) was chosen as a measure of DNA damage. The specimens held on acclimation under controlled laboratory conditions for 10 d were used as a control. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of phosphates and increased concentrations of zinc, copper and nickel at both sites during the entire sampling period. The values of OTM in mussels collected from the environment, significantly correlated with the concentration of zinc (r = 0.6248), temperature (r = 0.7006) and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.7738). Seasonal variations in genotoxic response were observed, with the highest OTM values obtained during summer months. Preliminary results of the in vitro study indicated the effect of water temperature on genotoxic response to zinc and cadmium in S. woodiana suggesting that the presence of genotoxic pollutants during months with lower temperature could be under-estimated. Obtained results indicate that S. woodiana could be a valuable tool for active biomonitoring of aquatic environments and emphasizes the importance of seasonal genotoxic monitoring with this organism. 相似文献
120.
Gustavsson L Hollert H Jonsson S van Bavel B Engwall M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(3):202-211
Goal, Scope and Background Sweden has prohibited the deposition of organic waste since January, 2005. Since 1 million tons of sludge is produced every
year in Sweden and the capacity for incineration does not fill the demands, other methods of sludge management have to be
introduced to a larger degree. One common method in the USA and parts of Europe is the use of wetlands to treat wastewater
and sewage sludge. The capacity of reed beds to affect the toxicity of a complex mixture of nitroaromatics in sludge, however,
is not fully elucidated. In this study, an industrial sludge containing explosives and pharmaceutical residues was therefore
treated in artificial reed beds and the change in toxicity was studied. Nitroaromatic compounds, which are the main ingredients
of many pharmaceuticals and explosives, are well known to cause cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Recently performed studies
have also showed that embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are sensitive to nitroaromatic compounds. Therefore, we tested the sludge passing through constructed wetlands in order
to detect any changes in levels of embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and dioxin-like activity (AhR-agonists). We also compared
unplanted and planted systems in order to examine the impact of the root system on the fate of the toxicants.
Methods An industrial sludge containing a complex mixture of nitroaromatics was added daily to small-scale constructed wetlands (vertical
flow), both unplanted and planted with Phragmites australis. Sludge with an average dry weight of 1.25%, was added with an average hydraulic loading rate of 1.2 L/day. Outgoing water
was collected daily and stored at −20°C. The artificial wetland sediment was Soxhlet extracted, followed by clean-up with
multi-layer silica, or extracted by ultrasonic treatment, yielding one organic extract and one water extract of the same sample.
Genotoxicity of the extracts was measured according to the ISO protocol for the umu-C genotoxicity assay (ISO/TC 147/SC 5/WG9
N8), using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 as test organism. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity were studied using the fish egg assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the dioxin-like activity was measured using the DR-CALUX assay. Chemical analyses of nitroaromatic compounds were performed
using Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and GC-MS.
Results Organic extracts of the bed material showed toxic potential in all three toxicity tests after two years of sludge loading.
There was a difference between the planted and the unplanted beds, where the toxicity of organic extracts overall was higher
in the bed material from the planted beds. The higher toxicity of the planted beds could have been caused by the higher levels
of total carbon in the planted beds, which binds organic toxicants, and by enrichment caused by lower volumes of outgoing
water from the planted beds.
Discussion Developmental disorders were observed in zebrafish exposed directly in contact to bed material from unplanted beds, but not
in fish exposed to bed material from planted beds. Hatching rates were slightly lower in zebrafish exposed to outgoing water
from unplanted beds than in embryos exposed to outgoing water from planted beds. Genotoxicity in the outgoing water was below
detection limit for both planted and unplanted beds. Most of the added toxicants via the sludge were unaccounted for in the
outgoing water, suggesting that the beds had toxicant removal potential, although the mechanisms behind this remain unknown.
Conclusions During the experimental period, the beds received a sludge volume (dry weight) of around three times their own volume. In
spite of this, the toxicity in the bed material was lower than in the sludge. Thus, the beds were probably able to actually
decrease the toxicity of the added, sludge-associated toxicants. When testing the acetone extracts of the bed material, the
planted bed showed a higher toxicity than the unplanted beds in all three toxicity tests. The toxicity of water extracts from
the unplanted beds, detected by the fish egg assay, were higher than the water extracts from the planted beds. No genotoxicity
was detected in outgoing water from either planted or unplanted beds. All this together indicates that the planted reed beds
retained semi-lipophilic acetone-soluble toxic compounds from the sludge better than the unplanted beds, which tended to leak
out more of the water soluble toxic compounds in the outgoing water. The compounds identified by SPME/GC in the outgoing water
were not in sufficient concentrations to have caused induction in the genotoxicity test.
Recommendations and Perspectives This study has pointed out the benefits of using constructed wetlands receiving an industrial sludge containing a complex
mixture of nitroaromatics to reduce toxicity in the outgoing water. The water from planted, constructed wetlands could therefore
be directed to a recipient without further cleaning. The bed material should be investigated over a longer period of time
in order to evaluate potential accumulation and leakage prior to proper usage or storage. The plants should be investigated
in order to examine uptake and possible release when the plant biomass is degraded.
This article has been developed on the basis of a presentation given at the Annual meeting of SETAC Europe German Language
Branch 2004 in Aachen.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Ludek Blaha (blaha@recetox.muni.cz) 相似文献