Oxidative capacities of size-segregated haze particles in a residential area of Beijing

The frequent haze days around the Chinese capital of Beijing in recent years have aroused great attention owing to the detrimental efects on visibility and public health. To discover the potential health efects of the haze, oxidative capacities of airborne particles collected in Beijing during haze and clear days were comparably assessed by a plasmid scission assay. Eleven water-soluble trace elements(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Se, Tl, and Zn) in the size-segregated airborne particles were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and most of the watersoluble trace elements were found to mainly concentrate in the fine particle size of 0.56–1.0 μm. In comparison with clear days, the mass concentrations of 11 analyzed water-soluble trace elements remarkably increased during haze days, and the oxidative capacities determined by the plasmid scission assay were markedly elevated accordingly during the haze days under the same dosage of particles as for those during clear days. Water-soluble trace elements in airborne particles, such as Cu, V, and particularly Zn, were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Because Cu, V, and Zn have been considered as bioavailable elements, the evident increase of these elements during haze days may be greatly harmful to human health.     

1株对叔丁基邻苯二酚降解菌的筛选鉴定及响应面法优化其降解

从某化工厂污水处理车间活性污泥中分离、筛选到1株能以对叔丁基邻苯二酚(p-tert-Butylcatechol,TBC)为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株YH1.经形态特征、生理生化、BIOLOG细菌自动鉴定系统和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定菌株YH1为皱纹假单胞菌(Pseudomonas corrugate).在温度为24~36℃,p H为7.0~10.0的条件下,菌株YH1可使浓度低于500 mg·L-1的TBC降解率达到82%以上.运用单因素实验初步确定TBC降解的最适外加碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和胰蛋白胨,最适温度为30℃,最适初始p H为7.0,最适接种量为2%.为了提高降解率,首先利用Plackett-Burman实验设计评估并筛选出影响TBC降解的3个关键因素:蔗糖、胰蛋白胨、初始p H.用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上3个因子的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面法分析,确定其最优降解条件为蔗糖浓度3%(ρ)、胰蛋白胨浓度1.44%(ρ)、TBC浓度400 mg·L-1、初始p H值8.12、接种量2.97%(φ)、温度30℃、培养时间96 h,在此条件下TBC降解率可达98.21%.TBC降解酶活性及酶定域实验表明,菌株YH1相关降解酶为胞内酶,且TBC可诱导邻苯二酚1,2双加氧酶(C12O)的合成.通过降解酶特异性引物从菌株YH1扩增得到C12O基因片段,经质粒检测和消除实验发现菌株YH1相关降解基因位于质粒上.此外,菌株YH1能耐受高浓度Na Cl和多种重金属离子,对多种抗生素具有抗性.研究结果为有效处理复杂工业废水提供了理论基础.     

Impacts of organic carbon availability and recipient bacteria characteristics on the potential for TOL plasmid genetic bioaugmentation in soil slurries

The effectiveness of genetic bioaugmentation relies on efficient plasmid transfer between donor and recipient cells as well as the plasmid’s phenotype in the recipient cell. In the present study, the effects of varying organic carbon substrates, initial recipient-to-donor cell density ratios, and mixtures of known recipient bacterial strains on the conjugation and function of a TOL plasmid were tested in sterile soil slurry batch reactors. The presence of soil organic carbon was sufficient in ensuring TOL plasmid transconjugant occurrence (up to 2.1 ± 0.5%) for most recipient strains in soil slurry batch mating experiments. The addition of glucose had limited effects on transconjugant occurrence; however, glucose amendment increased the specific toluene degradation rates of some Enterobacteriaceae transconjugants in soil slurry. Initial cell density ratios and mixtures of recipient strains had smaller impacts on plasmid conjugation and resulting phenotype functionality. These observations suggest that genetic bioaugmentation may be improved by minimal altering of environmental conditions.     

兰州市大气PM10健康影响效应的可预报性探讨

使用质粒DNA评价法研究了兰州市大气PM₁₀对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤能力及其与ρ(PM₁₀₎、采样期间的风速、相对湿度等气象要素之间的关系.结果表明:兰州市大部分PM₁₀对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤能力与ρ(PM₁₀₎呈正相关.兰州市PM₁₀全样对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤能力与采样期间的相对湿度和平均风速分别呈正相关和负相关,相关系数分别为0.531和-0.673.通过分析PM₁₀对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤原因可知,PM₁₀对人体健康的影响效应可用便于预报的ρ(PM₁₀₎、气象要素(相对湿度和风速等)等进行表征,即其可能具有可预报性.      

底泥水体中适用于PCR的不同形态DNA的提取方法（Methods of Extraction Different Gene Types of Sediments and Water for PCR Amplification）

提出直接从环境河流底泥和表层水体中同时提取不同形态DNA(胞内、胞外、染色体和质粒DNA)的有效方法.利用该方法提取了海河典型区域底泥的胞外DNA和胞内DNA及水体中细菌染色体DNA和质粒DNA.结果表明,NaH2PO4提取的胞外DNA分子量大于1kb,提取率40%～72%,没有共提取胞内DNA.胞内DNA提取的分子量均大于23.1kb,细菌质粒DNA与染色体DNA同时分离.16SrDNA与sul2扩增验证提取方法可靠性.16SrDNA扩增结果显示所有胞外DNA呈阴性,胞内DNA呈阳性.质粒DNA和染色体DNA的16SrDNA扩增显示,染色体DNA结果显阳性,质粒DNA呈阴性,sul2的结果相反.     

一株辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解

采用TX-100为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行筛选,经过富集、分离和纯化获得了一株能够耐高浓度TX-100且降解性能较好的降解菌,命名为H1.对细菌H1进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA (GenBank Accession No.KC505179)序列相似性分析,初步鉴定为醋酸钙不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus).通过对菌株H1降解TX-100的产物分析,初步推断TX-100的降解模式为末端氧化,先从EO末端氧化,醚键断裂,形成短链的化合物,同时释放出乙醛酸.质粒检测和消除试验表明,控制菌H1降解TX-100的基因位于质粒上.     

郑州大气PM10的形貌特征及生物活性研究

采集郑州市区和郊区秋季大气PM₁₀样品,利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和图像分析技术对PM₁₀颗粒进行形貌特征和粒度分布进行分析,同时应用质粒DNA评价法研究了市区和郊区PM₁₀样品的生物活性.结果显示,在市区采集的样品中燃煤飞灰占有相当大的数量,而在郊区采集的样品中矿物质占有较大的数量,粒径分析表明,市区PM₁₀的数量-等效球直径分布较为集中,主要分布在0.1～0.4 μm范围内,郊区则相对比较分散;PM₁₀的体积-等效球直径主要分布在>1 μm范围内.结果表明,在郑州市秋季大气PM₁₀中,数量上细粒子占优势, 而在体积上(质量上)较粗颗粒占优势.质粒DNA评价结果表明,郑州市区和郊区PM₁₀颗粒对DNA的损伤程度不同,市区样品的生物活性大于郊区样品.     

强抗镉蜡状芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其抗性机理

从北京市远郊东三岔地区废弃的铅锌尾矿中筛选到1株强抗镉的细菌.通过细菌形态学观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射能谱分析、甲基乙酰甲醇试验与酪氨酸水解试验等特征生理生化试验、菌株“G＋C mol%”值以及16S rDNA扩增与序列测定,鉴定此菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）.分离菌株可以在镉浓度为1?000 mg/L的固体培养基平板上生长,表明菌株具有强抗镉的能力.进一步分析了菌株在添加Cd²⁺与未添加Cd²⁺的液体培养基中的生长曲线,并通过质粒消除试验证明该菌株的抗镉性质与抗性质粒的存在有关.     

parDE基因对重组质粒pLM2在Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7中稳定性的影响

将 parDE基因克隆到载有组成型表达nifA基因的质粒 pST10 2 1上 ,得到重组质粒pLM2 .将 pLM2 ,pST10 2 1分别转到玉米联合固氮菌Enteorbactergergoviae 5 7 7(E5 7 7) ,获得转化子E5 7 7(pLM2 ) ,E5 7 7(pST10 2 1) ,二者在c(NH+ 4 ) =5 0mmolL-1的Kp培养基中表达的固氮活性一致 .将pLM2 ,pST10 2 1分别转到E .coliDH5α(pMGFP2 .1) ,培养物用 4 88nm光激发后在 5 10nm均有相同的的荧光特征发射峰 .上述实验表明 ,重组质粒pLM2仍保留了原质粒pST10 2 1中nifA的功能 .但质粒 pLM2和 pST10 2 1在E5 7 7中的稳定性试验表明 ,E5 7 7(pST10 2 1)在无抗生素的LB中继代培养 70代后 ,质粒几乎全部丢失 (仅存 1% ) ;而E5 7 7(pLM2 )继代培养 10 0代后 ,质粒全部存在 (10 0 % ) .图 4表 1参 12     

九株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒与基因分析

对9株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒的携带情况进行初步的研究，测定和比较了这9株细菌的16SrDNA序列，并对其进行分子鉴定和分类，经检测的9株细菌均属于肠杆菌科，其中脱色能力较广谱的5株细菌均未检测到质粒的存在，它们在系统分类地位上基本上聚为一类，与埃希氏菌属的大肠埃希氏菌具有较高的同源性。而另外4株脱色能力单一、仅对三苯基甲烷类染料有较强脱色能力的菌株除一株以外，其它3株均携带有大分子量的质粒，在系统分类地位上也基本聚为另一类。