采用GPS与全站仪对大跨斜拉桥进行变形监测

在桥梁运营期间,由于各种原因,会造成其不同程度的损伤和破坏。为了保证既有桥梁的安全运营和尽可能延长它的正常使用年限,应对其进行实时健康监测与安全性评估。以东营黄河胜利大桥为背景,提出了采用 GPS与全站仪相结合的健康监测方法,阐述了整个监测方案的具体实施过程并对观测数据进行了初步分析,对试验进行了总结,并对未来研究方向提出了建议。     

基于RFID、GPS和GPRS技术的危险品运输安全管理系统

运用RFID、GPS和GPRS技术,对危险品运输过程进行了实时跟踪和监控,建立了基于这些技术对危险品货物运输进行安全管理的系统,并针对危险品运输的特点,提出了危险品运输安全管理系统需要进一步改进的建议。     

广义线性高程拟合法在物探中的应用

地球物理勘探工作需要三维坐标为其定位,尤其是重力勘探,对高程有较高的要求.作为一种先进的现代化测量技术,GPS能实时提供高精度的平面坐标,但因其使用WGS-84坐标系统,高程为大地高,没有实际的地球物理意义.地球物理勘探用的是正常高,故GPS测量的大地高无法直接使用.若联测高程,不仅增加工作难度,时间成本和经济成本也将大大增加.本文以长江中下游某些地区地球物理矿产勘查为例,介绍利用广义线性拟合法来获取高程.该模型不仅能对拟合结果进行评价,亦能评价模型参数的优劣.     

基于3S的污染源在线监控系统研究

污染源在线监控系统基于B/S模式作为整体系统的架构,主要是用GPS对重点污染源进行空间定位,以ArcG IS Server空间地理信息系统为分析和决策基础,利用GPRS网络进行数据采集和传输,将工业监测仪的分析数据实时传送到数据中心,利用监控系统的分析功能对数据进行切割抽取,自动生成监控曲线和监控图形,并结合视频监控,实现对污染源的立体性监控和管理,实时掌握各企业污染物的排放情况。     

GPS可降水量与大雾天气关系的初步分析

利用2007年12月成都地基GPS网络观测数据反演的大气可降水量和地面自动气象站网观测资料,分析了对成都市交通和环境造成严重影响的7次大雾天气过程。通过对有雾和无雾时GPS可降水量、地面空气比湿的合成分析,从雾区上空和近地层水汽变化分析了四川盆地辐射雾形成的原因,而GPS可降水量的日变化特征可为大雾天气的短时临近预警预报提供有价值的参考信息。     

Balancing making a difference with making a living in the conservation sector

Goals play important roles in people's lives because they focus attention, mobilize effort, and sustain motivation. Understanding conservationists’ satisfaction with goal progress may provide insights into real-world environmental trends and flag risks to their well-being and motivation. We asked 2694 conservationists working globally how satisfied they were with progress toward goals important to them. We then explored how this satisfaction varied among groups, including demographic and occupational. Finally, we looked at respondents' experiences associated with goal-progress satisfaction. Many (94.0%) indicated that making a meaningful contribution to conservation was an important goal for them, and over half were satisfied or very satisfied in this area (52.5%). However, respondents were generally dissatisfied with progress on collective conservation goals (e.g., stopping species loss). Some groups were more likely to report dissatisfaction than others. For instance, those in conservation for longer tended to be less satisfied with collective goal progress (log odds –0.21, 95% credibility interval [CI] –0.32 to –0.10), but practitioners reported greater satisfaction (log odds 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.60). Likewise, those who were more optimistic in life (log odds 0.24, 95% CI 0.17–0.32), male (log odds 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41), and working in conservation practice (log odds 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.43) reported greater satisfaction with individual goal progress. Free-text responses suggested widespread dissatisfaction with livelihood goals, particularly related to job security and adequate compensation. Although contributing to conservation appeared to be a source of satisfaction, slow goal progress in other areas––particularly around making a living––looked to be a source of distress and demotivation. Employers, funders, professional societies, and others should consider ways to help those in the sector make a difference while making a satisfactory living by, for example, prioritizing conservationists′ well-being when allocating funding. This support could include avoiding exploitative practices, fostering supportive work environments, and celebrating positive outcomes.     

垃圾运输车智能监控管理系统

本产品是为解决垃圾运输车随意倾倒问题而开发的 ,它是一种新型智能化监控管理系统。它采用安装在运输车上的GPS接收机定位、测时 ,由车载车辆行迹记录仪数字化记录装载、运输、卸载的地点、时间等信息。经定期处理 ,完整、准确地反映出运输车工作过程 ,为管理部门对违规卸载车辆的科学取证提供了很好手段     

基于“3S”的红树林资源调查方法研究

论文研究了“3S”技术与地面调查相结合进行红树林资源调查的技术方法。以SPOT和Landsat7ETM+为信息源,经预处理后在GIS支持下进行目视判读和编制工作手图,实地采用GPS实测和目测勾绘修正小班界线,进入林内调查林况因子。结果表明,群落类型调查精度为100%;小班面积平均误差、小班周界平均位移、小班中心位置平均相对位移分别为11.8%、18.3m、13.1%,远小于常规方法(1∶10000地形图目测勾绘)的76.6%、108.7m和274.9%;效率比GPS实测高2.04倍,有效地解决了传统方法调查中存在的红树林空间位置和分布境界线定位准确性差、面积精度低,一般航天遥感调查分类精度低和GPS方法效率低等问题。     

Taxi driver speeding: Who,when, where and how? A comparative study between Shanghai and New York City

Objective: The 3 objectives of this study are to (1) identify the driving style characteristics of taxi drivers in Shanghai and New York City (NYC) using taxi Global Positioning System (GPS) data and make a comparative analysis; (2) explore the influence of different driving style characteristics on the frequency of speeding (who and how?) and (3) explore the influence of driving style characteristics, road attributes, and environmental factors on the speeding rate (when, where, and how?)

Methods: This study proposes a driver–road–environment identification (DREI) method to investigate the determinant factors of taxi speeding violations. Driving style characteristics, together with road and environment variables, were obtained based on the GPS data and auxiliary spatiotemporal data in Shanghai and NYC.

Results: The daily working hours of taxi drivers in Shanghai (18.6 h) was far more than in NYC (8.5 h). The average occupancy speed of taxi drivers in Shanghai (21.3 km/h) was similar to that of NYC (20.3 km/h). Speeders in both cities had shorter working hours and longer daily driving distance than other taxi drivers, though their daily income was similar. Speeding drivers routinely took long-distance trips (>10 km) and preferred relatively faster routes. Length of segments (1.0–1.5 km) and good traffic condition were associated with high speeding rates, whereas central business district area and secondary road were associated with low speeding rates. Moreover, many speeding violations were identified between 4:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. in both Shanghai and NYC and the worst period was between 5:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. in both cities.

Conclusions: Characteristics of drivers, road attributes, and environment variables should be considered together when studying driver speeding behavior. Findings of this study may assist in stipulating relevant laws and regulations such as stricter offense monitoring in the early morning, long segment supervision, shift rule regulation, and working hour restriction to mitigate the risk of potential crashes.