大气主要温室气体源汇及其研究进展

全球气候变暖是全球生态学的重点研究领域,近10余年来在世界范围内对引起气候变暖的温室气体源和汇进行了广泛的研究。文章综述了大气中几种主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)源和汇的种类及大小,认为在3种温室气体的源汇通量方面仍缺乏准确的定量认识,并存在许多不确定因素。通过分析近10年的国内外文献,总结出大气主要温室气体源汇的国际研究趋势主要是研究方法日益先进、研究地域不断扩大、注重温室气体通量对全球变化的响应以及多学科综合研究等方面。国内对温室气体源汇研究起步较晚,且存在观测点少、观测频度低、研究不够系统等不足,近几年在全国范围内实施的有关碳循环的重大科研项目在很大程度上促进了我国在温室气体源汇研究的发展。     

On the Field of Environmental Communication: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature

The field of environmental communication has reached several milestones since the 1990s, particularly the establishment of environmental communication-related divisions at professional associations and the founding of the journal Environmental Communication in 2007. This systematic review characterizes the peer-reviewed literature on environmental communication to date, examining methods, geography, top-cited articles, and analyzing keyword and titles. Drawing on the Web of Science Core Collection, which archives the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index, the review finds that attention to environmental communication has exploded in recent years and that the field is methodologically open-minded. Scholars have shifted focus from general environmental risk to specifically climate change in the last decade. Implications for the field are discussed.     

饮用水中苯系物的检测方法研究概况

苯系物通常包括苯，甲苯，乙苯，邻、间、对二甲苯，异丙苯和苯乙烯等化合物，它们是重要的化工原料，可以通过各种途径污染饮用水进而严重威胁人类健康。通过对近十几年来国内饮用水中苯系物检测方法地综述及这些方法优缺点地比较，为进一步研究提供有益的参考，并对饮用水中苯系物检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

China＇s Total Emission Control Policy： a Critical Review

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections： a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.     

冰雪中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的研究现状

冰雪是地球生态系统中重要的环境组分，它们不仅直接影响着全球的水循环，而且也直接影响着一些物质在不同纬度和海拔上的分布。随着气候的变化，在中低纬度使用和排放的POPs能够挥发到大气中，并伴随着大气的运动向高纬度高海拔地区迁移，这对生态环境造成了极大的威胁。本文主要介绍了持久性有机污染物的危害、历史排放数据，并详细阐述了国内外研究人员对冰雪中POPs的研究现状。     

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome: mathematical modelling

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) represents a pregnancy complication with a high risk for perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity. Mathematical models have been utilized to examine the mechanisms of disease and potential treatment modalities. We developed four consecutive models based on pathophysiology mechanisms. Conceptually, these models remained simple, but with increased complexity in details. We present our models tutorially with the necessary equations expressed in words. The aetiology of TTTS was related to AV anastomoses from donor to recipient and their growth commensurate with placental growth. We assessed that natural growth of placenta and foetuses causes the diameter and length of the AV, as well as the AV's pressure gradient, to increase proportional to gestational age. The AV transfusion then increases faster than natural foetal growth. A progressively increasing discordance subsequently develops, not compensated for by foetal growth. A simulation is performed to show how this discordance in blood volumetric development causes successive discordances in other functions, particularly renal, circulatory, and cardio-vascular, resulting in disease progression to the various stages of TTTS. In conclusion, mathematical modelling of TTTS has provided an understanding of the sequence of events that leads to the various presentations of TTTS stages as well as the efficacy of therapies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Advancing adaptive governance of social-ecological systems through theoretical multiplicity

In recent years there has been rising scientific and policy interest in the adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. A systematic literature review of adaptive governance research during the period 2005–2014, demonstrates a vibrant debate taking place that spans a variety of empirical and theoretical approaches. The particular strength of adaptive governance is that it provides a theoretical lens for research that combines the analyses of novel governance capacities such as adaptive capacity, collaboration, scaling, knowledge and learning. As a way to give greater depth and analytical rigour to future studies over the next decade and beyond, we highlight the added value of theoretical multiplicity (i.e., focusing on the combination of theories to address complex problems). We argue that theoretical multiplicity can encourage stronger synergies between adaptive governance and other theoretical approaches and can help address epistemologically grey areas in adaptive governance scholarship, such as power and politics, inclusion and equity, short term and long term change, the relationship between public policy and adaptive governance.     

分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的影响因素及应用

分散液液微萃取技术作为新型的样品前处理技术，由于其具有操作简便、费用低、富集倍数高等优点，已得到广泛认可和应用。文章综述了近5年来分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的进展，特别叙述了分析过程中的影响因素以及在环境分析中的应用，对此方法的原理作了简要介绍。     

Biodiversity conservation research challenges in the 21st century: A review of publishing trends in 2000 and 2011

The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 recognizes the increasing importance of scientific knowledge to support conservation policies and decision making. In this study, we assessed the tendency of such knowledge in the first decade of the 21st century. We carried out a systematic review of publications in biodiversity conservation, considering the following aspects: type of research, main topic of study, object of study (i.e. biodiversity organizational level, taxonomic groups and ecosystems), pressures and drivers of change, as well as geographical distribution. In total, 966 publications were analyzed within the three journals with higher academic reach in the field under study: Biodiversity & Conservation, Biological Conservation, and Conservation Biology. Our results show that there are several biases in scientific knowledge associated with the object of study, and analyzed drivers of changes, as well as geographical distribution. However, research trends are not uniform along the first decade of 21st century, as there are some differences between 2000 and 2011 regarding the main topic of the study, the spatial scale and geographical region, and the analyzed ecosystems. We finally discuss the implications of current knowledge trends in biodiversity conservation for achieving the targets delineated by the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020.     

基于外部性内化的农地城市流转调控政策工具研究进展评述

本研究采用文献回顾法、归纳法,从农地城市流转外部性的分析与测度及政策工具在农地城市流转调控中的运用两个方面,对国内外相关研究进行了归纳与总结。结果表明,现有研究从内容和方法上都有待进一步的丰富和深入:在农地城市流转外部性的理论分析和定量测算方面,其外部性的内涵、分类与边界等尚未得到严格的界定与划分,评估技术的选择和应用尚存亟待回答的问题;在基于外部性内化的农地政策流转调控政策工具的运用方面,尚需在分析思路、政策工具的系统化和细节设计方面有所深入;在实证研究方面,亟需结合我国国情结合具体事例探讨政策工具运用的预期效果及不同政策工具可能的交互作用;此外,应考虑不确定与信息不对称对调控政策工具运行效率的影响。因此,我国学者应借鉴国内外已有的研究成果和经验,从外部性内化的角度设计适于我国国情的政策工具,从而为农地城市流转调控提供可靠的理论依据,以达到合理规制农地转用秩序的目的。