数字信号处理技术在环境试验研究中的应用

简要论述了数字信号处理技术在环境试验研究中的应用，并提出了在用元器件、零部件环境失效数据进行整机系统贮存环境适应性评价中，利用数字信号处理技术的实现思路。     

重大危险源在线监测数据的实时处理与分析技术研究

重大危险源在线监测数据的处理与分析,就是将原始信号进行适当的转换,形成特征明显且易于分析的新信号的一种科学,它是进行状态监测与事故预警的重要基础。本文对离散傅立叶变换和快速傅立叶变换进行了分析与比较,讨论了两种不同变换算法的优缺点和适用范围。实践应用表明,在在线监测系统中应采用快速傅立叶变换算法。     

Scent of a queen—cuticular hydrocarbons specific for female reproductives in lower termites

In social insects, it is assumed that signals of the queen inform nestmates about her reproductive status. Thus, workers forego their own reproduction if the queen signals high fertility. In hemimetabolous termites, little is known about reproductive inhibition, but evidence exists for a royal-pair control. Workers of lower termites exhibit a high developmental flexibility and are potentially able to become reproductives, but the presence of a fertile reproductive restrains them from reaching sexual maturity. The nature of this control, however, remains unknown. Here, we report on qualitative differences in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between queens and workers of the basal drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus. Queens were characterized by a shift to long-chained and branched hydrocarbons. Most remarkably, similar chemical patterns are regarded as fertility cues of reproductives in social Hymenoptera. This might suggest that both groups of social insects convergently evolved similar chemical signatures. The present study provides deeper insights into how termites might have socially exploited these signatures from sexual communication in their cockroach-like ancestor. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

拉萨高原环境点型感烟探测器工程参数调整研究

气压对燃烧过程影响显著,常压环境下的火灾探测器标准不适用于高原环境.以高原环境下的点型感烟火灾探测器为研究对象,根据合肥及拉萨两地的国标探测器正庚烷标准火测试对比试验,研究高原环境对火灾烟气及点型离子、光电感烟探测器响应规律的影响.结果表明,对于相同火源,光电感烟探测器在高原环境下的响应明显弱于常压环境,而离子感烟感测器所受影响相对较小.依据试验结果,提出高原环境下点型感烟探测器的工程参数调整建议.     

砂岩和花岗岩岩石表层光释光信号晒退速率对比及测年意义

光释光信号已被成功地应用于岩石表层暴露、埋藏年龄的测定以及判别岩石经历的曝光和埋藏历史。本文选择红褐色石英砂岩和灰白色黑云母花岗岩进行了岩块和岩片晒退不同时间的实验研究,结果显示:岩石光释光信号(IR_(50);IRSL)可被光(阳光和全光谱模拟太阳灯灯光)快速晒退。曝光一定时间后,岩块表层一定深度的光释光信号可以归零,且随曝光时间的延长,自暴露面向内的光释光信号归零深度也随之加深。砂岩和花岗岩光晒退对比实验结果显示:与深色砂岩相比,浅色的花岗岩有更高的光释光信号晒退速率。实验同时揭示:本研究所采用的红外光源激发获得的光释光信号来自岩片(1.2 mm)表层一定深度,并没有完全穿透该岩片。该研究为了解不同岩性岩石的光释光信号晒退速率、测年对象的合理选择以及岩石样品采集、前处理和测试等提供了实验数据支持。     

The role of the vibration signal in the house-hunting process of honey bee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>) swarms

The function of the vibration signal of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) during house hunting was investigated by removing vibrating bees from swarms and examining the effects on waggle dancing for nest sites, liftoff preparations and swarm movement. We compared house hunting among three swarm types: (1) test swarms (from which vibrating bees were removed), (2) manipulated control (MC) swarms (from which randomly selected workers and some waggle dancers were removed), and (3) unmanipulated control (UC) swarms (from which no bees were removed). The removal of vibrating bees had pronounced effects on liftoff preparations and swarm movement. Compared to the MC and UC swarms, the test swarms had significantly greater liftoff-preparation periods, were more likely to abort liftoff attempts, and in some cases were unable to move to the chosen site after the swarm became airborne. However, the three swarm types did not differ in overall levels of waggle dance activity, the time required to achieve consensus for a nest site, the rate at which new waggle dancers were recruited for the chosen site, or the ability to maintain levels of worker piping necessary to prepare for flight. The removal of vibrating bees may therefore have altered liftoff behavior because of a direct effect on vibration signal activity. A primary function of the signal during house hunting may be to generate a level of activity in workers that enhances and coordinates responses to other signals that stimulate departure and movement to a new location.Communicated by R. Page     

Courtship in fast water currents by a male stream goby ( Rhinogobius brunneus) communicates the parental quality honestly

The stream goby Rhinogobius sp. DA (dark color type) shows exclusive paternal care of the eggs. Males court females in the stream current and previous field observations suggest that females favor males that perform their courtship display in faster water currents, and that such males may have high parental ability because of good physical condition. To validate these observations we examined female choice under controlled laboratory conditions. Mate choice experiments indicated clearly that females preferred males that courted in the faster currents, whereas neither sexually different morphological traits, such as body size, nor the water current alone were important. The experiments with food supply treatments indicated that only males of high physical condition are able to court in the fast currents. Furthermore, males that courted in the fast currents achieved good egg survival, whereas males that were unable to court in the currents did not, due to cannibalism of their egg clutch. Thus, the maximum speed of the water current in which a male courts should be indicative of his quality and of the subsequent survival of eggs under his care. We conclude that Rhinogobius sp. DA females utilize the male courtship display in the water current as an honest indicator of parental quality.Communicated by K. LindströmAn erratum to this article can be found at     

Different policing rates of eggs laid by queenright and queenless anarchistic honey-bee workers (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis> L.)

Worker-reproduction is rare in queenright honey-bee colonies. When workers do lay eggs, their eggs are normally eaten by other workers presumably because they lack the queen's egg-marking signal. Workers use the absence of this queen signal to enforce the queen's reproductive monopoly by policing any worker-laid eggs. In contrast, in anarchistic colonies, the majority of the males arise from worker-laid eggs. Anarchistic worker-laid eggs escape policing because workers perceive anarchistic eggs as queen-laid. However, in this study, we show that eggs laid by queenless anarchistic workers do not escape policing and have very similar removal rates to worker-laid eggs from queenless wild-type (i.e. non-anarchistic) colonies. This suggests that, under queenless conditions, eggs laid by anarchistic workers lose their chemical protection and are therefore no longer perceived as queen-laid. Hence, the egg-marking signal seems to be only applied to eggs when queen and brood are present. This suggests that in the absence of queen and brood, the biosynthetic pathway that produces the egg-marking signal is switched off.Communicated by L. Keller     

Pursuit-deterrent communication between prey animals and timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): the response of snakes to harassment displays

A thorough understanding of communication requires an evaluation of both the signaler and receiver. Most analyses of prey–predator communication are incomplete because they examine only the behavior of the prey. Predators in these systems may be understudied because they are perceived as less tractable research subjects, due to their more cryptic hunting behaviors and secretive lifestyles. For example, research on interactions between rodents and rattlesnakes has focused on the behavior of rodent signalers, while responses of snakes have been virtually unexamined. Rattlesnakes are ambush predators, and capture rodents by waiting at foraging sites for long periods of time. In this study, I take advantage of the sedentary nature of this foraging strategy and use fixed videography to record natural encounters between timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) and their prey. Three different prey species were found to exhibit conspicuous visual displays to snakes, both when snakes were actively foraging, and when they were basking. After receiving displays, foraging snakes left their ambush sites and moved long distances before locating subsequent ambush sites, indicating that they responded to displays by abandoning attempts to ambush prey in the vicinity of signalers. This study represents the first quantitative analysis of the response of free-ranging snakes to signals from their prey, and elucidates a technique by which such quantitative data can be more easily obtained.     

Effects of multitasking on operator performance using computational and auditory tasks

This study investigated the effects of multiple cognitive tasks on human performance. Twenty-four students at North Carolina A&;T State University participated in the study. The primary task was auditory signal change perception and the secondary task was a computational task. Results showed that participants' performance in a single task was statistically significantly different from their performance in combined tasks: (a) algebra problems (algebra problem primary and auditory perception secondary); (b) auditory perception tasks (auditory perception primary and algebra problems secondary); and (c) mean false-alarm score in auditory perception (auditory detection primary and algebra problems secondary). Using signal detection theory (SDT), participants' performance measured in terms of sensitivity was calculated as ?0.54 for combined tasks (algebra problems the primary task) and ?0.53 auditory perceptions the primary task. During auditory perception tasks alone, SDT was found to be 2.51. Performance was 83% in a single task compared to 17% when combined tasks.