油松毛虫感染白僵菌后超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的变化

采用分光光度法测定了3~5龄油松毛虫(DendrolimustabulaeformisTsaietLiu)幼虫被白僵菌(Beauveriabassi ana)感染后保护酶的活性.结果表明: 3~5龄油松毛虫被白僵菌感染后1 ~8d,体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于同期未感染的幼虫,并呈现出先升高后下降的变化趋势,而同期未感染的幼虫变化不大;过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性也呈现出先升后降的趋势.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了感染后1~8d幼虫体内SOD同工酶与CAT同工酶的变化.结果显示:SOD同工酶带宽与酶带亮暗变化显著;CAT同工酶酶谱有所差异,酶带数由感染初期的一条变为后期的两条带,而且带宽值与酶带亮暗变化显著. 图3表2参16     

不同温度胁迫方式对中华绒螯蟹免疫化学指标的影响

为研究温度骤变在水生动物病害发生中的可能作用，本研究以中华绒螯蟹为材料，将环境温度从20℃突然升高或下降，然后在不同时间取样分析，从免疫学的角度探讨了不同的温度改变方式对中华绒螯蟹抗氧化能力的影响．研究结果表明，（1）在2h内将饲养水温从20℃升至32℃，然后在30min内降至20℃，中华绒螯蟹的血细胞密度（DHC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力先升高后下降，6h时出现峰值，3d后趋于稳定，丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化则呈相反趋势；（2）在24h内将饲养水温从20℃降至8℃，其DHC随时间的延长而逐渐降低，SOD和CAT先增加后下降，在d1出现峰值；而MDA的含量先下降后升高，在d3出现峰值，但总的来说，MDA的含量均高于0h处理组；（3）在24h内水温从20℃升至32℃，其SOD和CAT在温度变化6h后呈升高趋势，而后逐渐下降，DHC的变化无一定规律，但均明显低于0h处理组，MDA的含量随时间延长而增加．以上结果表明，温度胁迫使中华绒螯蟹机体抗氧化能力下降，从而导致机体的氧化代谢失衡和免疫防御能力下降．     

六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)暴露对生长阶段文昌鱼的毒性及其几种重要酶活性的影响

以文昌鱼为研究对象,研究了在六溴环十二烷暴露下对文昌鱼造成的机体氧化损伤.通过检测相关酶活变化情况,如酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),从而确定低剂量长期暴露HBCD对文昌鱼鱼体产生氧化损伤效应的机制.急性毒性实验结果表明,文昌鱼暴露于六溴环十二烷饱和溶液(8....     

Cd-Zn对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的联合毒性及对肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为实验材料,研究并比较了重金属镉(Cd)与锌(Zn)对草鱼的单一与联合毒性.在此基础上,根据水生毒理联合效应指数相加法原理,利用生物测定计数型机值分析得到毒性单位浓度LC50值进行判断.结果表明,Cd对草鱼的毒性大于Zn.Cd、Zn对草鱼96h的半致死浓度分别为26.87和33.14mg·L-1;Cd与Zn对草鱼的联合毒性在48h为拮抗作用,在96h表现为协同作用.以草鱼肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响为指标,Cd与Zn的联合作用与Cd、Zn的暴露剂量和暴露时间都有密切关系:草鱼肝脏SOD活性应激反应对低浓度Zn(0.4TU)暴露较敏感,对高浓度Cd(0.8TU)的暴露较敏感,SOD活性能迅速产生应激性升高;48h时Cd与Zn的联合毒性显示为拮抗作用,96h时Cd与Zn的联合毒性显示为协同作用.     

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina o cinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment. In addition, the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B. Two new bands (POX V and POX Ⅶ) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages. CAT Ⅲ activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT Ⅲ and CAT Ⅳ disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv. Two bands of APX (APX Ⅵ and APX Ⅶ)were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure. H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS)increased under Muv and Huv treatments. Overall, UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C officinalis.     

碲化镉量子点诱导氧自由基产生的检测

随着量子点(quantum dots,QDs)在生物标记和医学影像等领域的应用日益广泛,其环境暴露量逐渐增加,深入探讨QDs的毒性机制具有重要意义。QDs通过产生活性氧(ROS)诱发毒性效应是目前普遍接受的毒作用模式。为了探讨量子点的毒性与所诱发的ROS的种类和数量的关系,选用碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs和CdTe/ZnS QDs),利用电子顺磁共振技术(EPR)分别测定了CdTe QDs和CdTe/ZnS QDs在无细胞体系中诱导ROS产生的种类和强度;利用EPR法、紫外可见分光光度法和荧光分光光度法分别测定了4、20和100nmol·mL-1的CdTe QDs和CdTe/ZnS QDs对超氧阴离子(·O2-)和羟基自由基(·OH)产生的促进作用。实验结果显示,CdTe QDs可诱导·O2-的产生;CdTe QDs和CdTe/ZnS QDs对·OH与·O2-的产生有明显的促进作用,且具有剂量-效应关系。研究表明,量子点可诱导和促进ROS产生,不同结构量子点对ROS的诱导和促进作用不同。     

Effects of paint particles inhalation on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in industrial painters

The aim of this study was to examine effects of lead (Pb)-based paints on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator for lipid peroxidation; and on activities of serum antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in industrial painters. A total of 67 male painters and 50 age-matched and gender-matched controls were included in this cross-sectional study. There were 19 smokers and 48 non-smokers in the paint-exposed group and 20 smokers and 30 non-smokers in the control group. Hemoglobin concentrations were lower in painters’ blood compared to controls. The blood Pb concentrations were higher in painters compared to controls. SOD and GPx activities were significantly lower in painters compared to controls. MDA concentration was found to be significantly elevated. Smoking was found to be a major confounder. Data suggest that Pb-based paints affect oxidant parameters in occupationally exposed workers.     

Temporal changes of Collembola population and alterations of life history parameters and acetylcholinesterase and superoxide dismutase activities in Cyphoderus javanus (Collembola) as biomarkers of fly ash pollution in lateritic soil

Fly ash is applied in agricultural fields to improve soil quality and crop yield; however, there are concerns regarding environmental hazards and toxicity to ecologically important soil organisms. The soil microarthropod fauna is a vital component of detritus food web, and major groups like Collembola are sensitive indicators of soil quality; however, information is scanty on their biomarker potentials against xenobiotics in tropical soils. The present study was aimed to evaluate temporal changes of Collembola population in fly ash amended field plots, and assess the biomarker potentials of life history parameters and biochemical responses such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in Cyphoderus javanus Borner (Collembola, Insecta), exposed to fly ash treated soil in microcosms. The field study using 5% (50 t ha^?1) and 20% (200 t ha^?1) doses of fly ash revealed dose-dependent and persistent decline in the density and relative abundance of Collembola population in sandy loam lateritic soil. The microcosm experiments showed negligible lethal effect of fly ash on C. javanus, but major life history parameters namely survival success, fecundity, and molting were significantly inhibited by fly ash treatments. The activity of AChE was downregulated, whereas activity of SOD was upregulated within 7 days of exposure of C. javanus to fly ash treated soil. These biological and biochemical parameters in Collembola are potential biomarkers, and therefore, the effects of fly ash are significant in C. javanus, an ecologically relevant species in the tropical soils of India.     

磺胺甲恶唑污染对颤蚓的氧化胁迫

在实验室模拟条件下分别采用动、静态生物实验方法,研究了不同浓度的磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)对颤蚓(Monopyle phorus limosus)体内抗氧化防御系统的影响以及颤蚓暴露于单一浓度的SMZ后,其体内典型的抗氧化酶,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性随时间的响应。结果显示:染毒8d后,颤蚓体内SOD的活性先降低后逐渐升高。SMZ染毒浓度达到1.00mg·L-1时,SOD的活性被显著诱导(P<0.01),为对照组的1.30倍。过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化趋势明显分为先升高、再降低2个阶段。染毒浓度达到0.25mg·L-1时,POD的活性受到最大诱导(P<0.01),约为对照组的1.40倍。各处理组过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均高于对照组,并且随着SMZ暴露浓度的增加,CAT活性的变化趋势是逐渐降低的,与SMZ染毒浓度间存在较好的剂量-效应关系。随着SMZ暴露时间的延长,SOD、POD和CAT的活性变化趋势类似,均为先升高后降低,并在第8天时达到最大值(P<0.01),增长率分别为32%、26%和82%。综上,SMZ能诱导颤蚓体内产生氧化胁迫,而CAT在活性氧自由基的清除中发挥主要作用。     

大气汞浓度升高对水稻叶片生理效应的影响研究

采用大田开顶式气室熏气实验,研究大气汞浓度升高对水稻叶片气体交换参数、脯氨酸、丙二醛的积累以及超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。实验结果显示,水稻叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)随大气汞浓度的升高均较对照略微下降,表明大气汞浓度的升高对水稻光合作用和气孔开放程度有一定影响;扬花期水稻胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随大气汞浓度的升高明显降低(P0.05)表明Pn的略微下降属于气孔限制,同时蒸腾速率(Tr)显著增加(P0.01)表明大气汞对水稻的蒸腾生理功能有一定的影响。乳熟期水稻叶片气体交换参数与大气汞浓度无显著差异(P0.05),且各指标均低于扬花期。水稻叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量在拔节期随大气汞浓度的升高而显著增加(P0.05),扬花期先升高后下降,在45 ng·m-3时达到最大,成熟期无显著差异(P0.05);水稻叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量在拔节期先升高后下降,45 ng·m-3时达到最大,扬花期和成熟期均无显著差异(P0.05);水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在拔节期先升高后下降,15 ng·m-3时达到最大,扬花期无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明大气汞浓度的升高可以引起水稻叶片膜脂过氧化以及脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的积累,且随着体内Pro、MDA和SOD对大气汞胁迫的协同反应,水稻对逆境的适应能力增强,对汞胁迫产生了耐受性。