Morphologie effects of channelization: the case of the Neebing-McIntyre floodway,Thunder Bay,Ontario, Canada

The Neebing-McIntyre floodway in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, has been constructed with a relatively straight and uniform trapezoidal channel, compared with the prechannelized sinuous reaches of the Neebing and the McIntyre rivers. The flow regime of the floodway also contrasts significantly with the prechannelized regime, because of the combination of discharges from these rivers into a new channel and the regulation of flows by a diversion structure. The maximum channel capacity of the floodway is about 284 m³ s^–1 (175-year regional flood), compared with about 40 m³ s^–1 and 60 m³ s^–1, respectively, for the Neebing and the McIntyre. According to regime theories, the construction of a straight and trapezoidal channel has upset the equilibrium of the stream system and therefore should lead to some accelerated erosion and sedimentation processes in the new channel immediately after construction. Erosion potential is particularly high during higher discharge events, when flow velocities are expected to be greater than the prechannelized velocities of the Neebing and the McIntyre. The overall sediment yield of the watershed is low (71t km^–2 yr^–1), compared with other documented watersheds of North America, but the rates of deposition in the floodway are relatively high, mainly due to the backwater effect of Lake Superior. Unless maintained by constant channel work, the floodway will tend to fill up with sediment, until a postconstructional equilibrium is reestablished.     

浑善达克沙地退化草地的封育效果调查

封育保护是促进退化草地自然恢复的有效方法之一,为了研究实施京津风沙源工程措施以来浑善达克沙地沙质草场的围封效果,我们特对浑善达克沙地南缘地段的围封草场进行了调查,并取得了一些结果。     

高铁-光催化氧化协同去除藻毒素的研究

研究了高铁-光催化氧化体系去除水中藻毒素的效能.结果表明,通过投加10mg/L的高铁到光催化体系中,由于高铁的强氧化性及其还原产物可作为电子捕获剂的特点,可将光催化效率从63%提高到100%,实现快速完全去除藻毒素的目的.同时对照研究了高铁、光催化、Fe³⁺-光催化、高铁-光催化4种不同反应体系对藻毒素去除的效能.结果显示,单纯的高铁或光催化都可以降解一部分藻毒素,但去除率低,分别为54%和63%,且需大剂量的高铁投加或大大延长光照时间.而在Fe³⁺-光催化、高铁-光催化体系中,只需投加10mg/L的三价铁或高铁,就可以将藻毒素去除率提高到73%和100%,但采用高铁协同光催化体系比三价铁协同光催化体系更有效.也就是说在本体系中,高铁具有十分重要的作用,明显存在着高铁与TiO₂光催化的协同效应.     

ZT廊道交替池工艺在城市污水处理中的应用

介绍了ZT廊道交替池工艺的运行原理、工艺特点及运行效果。工程实践表明,ZT廊道交替池工艺应用于城市污水处理时,出水pH值、SS、CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、总磷各项指标均能够达到国家一级排放标准,处理效果持续稳定。     

江淮流域大洪水的因子分析及成因链初步构造

结合 1998年长江流域的特大洪水 ,提出了洪水成因链的概念 ,分析了各个物理因子对江淮洪水的影响。指出影响江淮洪水的物理因子都是层层相接、环环相扣的 ,它们组成了一个互相联系、互为因果的洪水成因链。成因链上物理因子之间的正反馈作用和消长作用 ,导致成因链上各个因子的致洪理论都不能完全地自圆其说 ,因而也无法完全确定地用于洪水预测。只有深入探讨洪水成因链上物理因子之间的正反馈作用和消长作用 ,对它们进行全面综合的诊断分析 ,才能提高江淮洪水预测的准确率。     

治理噪声污染 保障人身健康

阐述氧气生产过程中噪声的产生及对人体的危害性，实施多种噪声防治措施，取得显著成效。     

陕南近期两次特大暴雨天气成因的对比分析

采用天气动力诊断分析方法,对陕西秦岭山脉南麓两次小范围特大暴雨（2002年6月8日佛坪特大暴雨与2003年8月29日宁陕特大暴雨） 发生的环流背景、主要影响系统、垂直环流和热力学特征等进行对比分析,指出在相对稳定的环流形势下,高空急流与低空急流耦合形成低层辐合与高空辐散垂直结构与不稳定的大气层结是小范围特大暴雨形成的主要原因之一.     

气溶胶辐射效应对气象和环境影响的观测与模拟研究

选取2015年和2019年不同代表年份,结合外场观测和数值模拟,分析了天津地区不同季节不同天气(晴天、多云、霾)下,气溶胶辐射效应对整层大气透过率和地表入射太阳辐射的影响,以及这种影响在不同年份的差异.借助WRF-Chem模式模拟分析了重污染期间气溶胶辐射效应对垂直方向上气象要素廓线、边界层结构以及PM_2.5浓度的反馈机制.结果表明:霾污染可导致大气透过率明显下降,春、秋、冬不同季节,霾污染导致中午大气透过率分别下降0.09,0.11和0.09.全年平均霾污染可导致大气透过率降低约15.5%.云量的增多也可导致大气透过率明显下降,多云天气下大气透过率相比晴天减小约22.4%.霾和云对大气透过率的影响还与太阳高度角有关,当太阳高度角>60°时,霾污染导致大气透过率下降8.6%.随污染等级提高,气溶胶对太阳辐射的衰减作用也越强,天津地区空气质量分别为Ⅰ～Ⅰ级时,中午地表入射短波辐射呈稳定下降趋势,依次为484,446,439,342,328和253W/m².重污染期间,气溶胶辐射效应导致大气低层(250m以下)降温(0.8℃)增湿(3.8%...     

Enhancement of UV and chromate mutagenesis by nickel ions in the Chinese hamster HGPRT Assay †

1. The HGPRT (Hypoxanthine‐Guanine‐Phospho‐Ribosyl‐Transferase) assay with Chinese Hamster V79 cells was used to measure the mutagenic effects of UV irradiation, potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. The agents were tested separately and in the combinations of UV plus nickel and dichromate plus nickel.

2. UV, Cr(VI) and Ni(II) were confirmed to be mutagenic in the V79 cell assay. The combination of UV(5J/m²) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) caused a mutation rate 11.2 times above that corresponding to the sum of the individual mutation rates of these agents. The combined action of Cr(VI) (0.1 mM) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) produced a mutation rate 2.8 fold above that corresponding to the sum of the individual rates of the separate agents.

3. The enhancing effect of nickel chloride on the mutagenicity of UV or Cr(VI) is interpreted by an interference of Ni(II) with the repair of DNA lesions.     

调理剂在鸡粪锯末堆肥中的保氮效果

在自动高温堆肥装置中,进行了4种调理剂对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥中的保氮效果实验,分析了堆肥化不同时期各处理中的堆温、pH值、水溶性氨氮、水溶性有机氮、全氮和有机碳的变化.结果表明,几种调理剂的加人对高温堆肥的堆温、pH值、水溶性氨氮、水溶性有机氮、TN和OC指标都有影响.都可降低堆肥过程氮素的损失;对OC的分解都有一定的促进作用.特别是同时添加草炭和过磷酸钙使堆肥高温期延长了5d,使堆制初期和高温期的pH值分别降低了0.89pH单位和0.44pH单位,使OC的降解率增加了60.7%,且使堆制过程中氮素的损失率下降了65.1%,有明显的保氮效果;而单加草炭或过磷酸钙效果次之;加沸石效果不明显.