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991.
能值理论在生态系统稳定性研究中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对生态系统稳定研究的回顾,分析了争论的根源,从而提出划分2种稳定性的分析角度,并利用能值理论较为准确、量化的度量了生态系统第二类稳定性. 相似文献
992.
993.
A previously developed fuzzy waste load allocation model (FWLAM) for a river system is extended to address uncertainty involved in fixing the membership functions for the fuzzy goals of the pollution control agency (PCA) and the dischargers using the concept of grey systems. The model provides flexibility for the PCA and the dischargers to specify their goals independently, as the parameters for membership functions are considered as interval grey numbers instead of deterministic real numbers. An inexact or a grey fuzzy optimization model is developed in a multiobjective framework, to maximize the width of the interval valued fractional removal levels for providing latitude in decision-making and to minimize the width of the goal fulfillment level for reducing the system uncertainty. The concept of an acceptability index for order relation between two partially or fully overlapping intervals is used to get a deterministic equivalent of the grey fuzzy optimization model developed. The improvement of the optimal solutions over a previously developed grey fuzzy waste load allocation model (GFWLAM) is shown through an application to a hypothetical river system. The fuzzy multiobjective optimization and fuzzy goal programming techniques are used to solve the deterministic equivalent of the GFWLAM. 相似文献
994.
Major transitions in a multiple-use or mosaic landscape often lead to frictions among new and existing users. In this article,
we consider the problem of ecological restoration within a mosaic landscape in which restoration activities elicit feedbacks
from individuals and groups that are harmed by restoration outcomes. Using game theory, we identify three potential outcomes
ranked by the extent of restoration of ecosystem services and processes: nonstrategic, noncooperative strategic equilibrium,
and cooperative bargaining solution. We identify conditions under which additional restoration can decrease the overall flow
of ecosystem services and processes. A “strategic restorationist” will cease new restoration activities when the net effect
of defensive response moves by farmers offsets gains. Imperfect information regarding expected payoffs to farmers can lead
to inefficient overshooting or undershooting the optimal scale, geographical positioning, and form of restoration. Gains to
all parties from cooperation might exist. As a case study and to aid model design, we consider restoration activities on California’s
upper Sacramento River.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
995.
针对隧道围岩稳定性评价的模糊性和主观影响问题,建立基于博弈-可拓理论的隧道围岩稳定性评价模型。该模型采用岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体质量指标、完整性系数、体积节理数、声波纵波波速值、地下水渗水量作为隧道围岩稳定性评价指标,运用关联函数法、熵权法和改进层次分析法单独计算各个指标的权系数,利用博弈论组合赋权确定所得3个权系数的最优组合权系数,以此计算出待评隧道围岩关于各稳定性等级的加权关联度,根据计算结果判定待评隧道围岩稳定性等级。实例计算表明:运用博弈-可拓理论评价隧道围岩稳定性等级,综合了主客观因素,使评价结果更为合理可靠,为隧道风险控制与安全管理提供了新的依据。 相似文献
996.
为构建出港珠澳大桥HSE管理实施框架模型,以港珠澳大桥为例,运用扎根理论质性研究方法,针对已收集的数据资料进行归纳、编码及提取,从领导、人文、制度、责任、组织、行为、过程及措施等方面,凝练出港珠澳大桥HSE管理的12个基本概念范畴,系统描绘港珠澳大桥HSE管理的行为现象、作用关系及路径。结果表明:智慧引领、意念灌注、组织管理、过程控制及举措保障这5个主范畴对港珠澳大桥HSE管理实施具有显著影响,分别凝练成牵引、驱动、组织、执行及保障5大作用力,汇聚演绎出港珠澳大桥HSE管理的7条实践路径,从情境维、范式维、组织维、过程维及措施维5个维度,全面确保HSE管理的顺畅实施。 相似文献
997.
998.
Claudia Coral Wolfgang Bokelmann Robert Carcamo Stefan Sieber 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(4):547-569
ABSTRACT Although life and land decisions are individual, driven by perceptions of reality, they reflect broader social processes. This research aims to understand relevant land-use change processes and the context within which land-use change occurs in the study area. For this, we employ grounded theory techniques and procedures to analyze narratives and life history interviews. Based on these narratives, we re-construct past land-use changes. Additionally, we identify structural conditions that drive change, several dimensions of change, including cultural-cognitive dimensions, and future discourses. The identified structural conditions motivate changes in concepts, actions, and practices, in land-use, and institutions, eventually leading to generational changes. Further research is needed to examine how the so-called structural conditions producing change varies in different settings and contexts. These findings can provide insight into certain patterns and knowledge that may contribute to community planning, policy design, and the conception of sustainable solutions with more grounded knowledge. 相似文献
999.
BL Turner II Patrick Meyfroidt Tobias Kuemmerle Daniel Müller Rinku Roy Chowdhury 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(4):489-508
ABSTRACT Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its change as a social-ecological system (SES). The absence of a general land-use theory, anchored in the social subsystem but with explicit links to the environmental subsystem, hampers this effort. Drawing on land-use explanations, meta-analyses, and associated frameworks, we advance a broad framework structure of eight elements – aggregations of explanatory variables – with links to the biophysical subsystem, for systematic comparisons of extant explanations. Tests and models can be employed to identify which set of variables and their configurations provide robust explanations of across land uses, identifying the potential for theory development. The framework and its application are applicable to both top-down and bottom-up explanatory approaches employed in the social sciences. Links to the environmental subsystem invite future exploration of SES explanations that reach across the different dimensions of global change and sustainability science. 相似文献
1000.
Work-contingent self-esteem (WCSE; the degree to which workers' self-esteem is based on workplace performance) has positive consequences for performance, yet less is known about its consequences for well-being. In this paper, we contribute to the literature on WCSE by examining the mechanisms through which it impacts well-being at work and outside of work. We challenge contingent self-esteem (CSE) theory (Crocker & Park, 2004), which argues that CSE negatively impacts well-being by fostering internally controlled (introjected) motivation and diminishing autonomous motivation, by suggesting that WCSE fosters autonomous and internally controlled motivation and thus has both beneficial and harmful effects on well-being. We also expand CSE theory by suggesting that WCSE can negatively impact well-being outcomes by causing work–nonwork conflict. Results from a time-separated design in a sample of full-time employees supported our arguments, revealing that WCSE impacted well-being at work through both autonomous and internally controlled work motivations. WCSE also had negative effects on well-being at and outside of work through work–nonwork conflict. The beneficial effects of WCSE outweighed its harmful effects on job satisfaction and neutralized its harmful effects for all other outcomes. We discuss theoretical implications for CSE theory, self-determination theory, and work–nonwork issues and note important practical implications. 相似文献