兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

半轴套管内腔折叠产生原因及预防措施

分析了半轴套管成形过程中出现折叠的特点和形成原因 ,并根据折叠形成原因提出了相应的预防措施 ,从而解决了生产过程中存在的质量问题。     

STREAM ASSESSMENTS USING BIOTIC INDICES: RESPONSES TO PHYSICOCHEMICAL VARIABLES1

ABSTRACT: Responses of the Wyoming Stream Integrity Index (WSII), a regionally calibrated multimetric index, were investigated in relation to background elevational changes in water quality and habitat conditions versus accelerated anthropogenic degradation at the watershed scale. Assessments were conducted for three rivers in southeast Wyoming: the Little Medicine Bow River, the Medicine Bow River, and Rock Creek. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression models related “core metrics” and index scores to elevational gradients of physicochemical variables. Velocity, substrate, and weighted habitat values were positively correlated to index scores, while suspended solids was negatively correlated. The exclusive dependence of index scores on physical variables specifies the type of environmental gradients the WSII is most robust in detecting. The individual “core metrics” Plecoptera taxa, Trichoptera taxa, percent Trichoptera without Hydropsychidae, and percent noninsects appeared most sensitive to physical changes and were thus driving associations between index scores and physical variables. Despite strong correlations with physical variables, anomalies existed where habitat conditions were good, unknown stressors existed, or gradients were naturally occurring despite “Poor” index scores (i.e., degraded stream conditions). Such findings illustrate the influence of regional variability on biotic indices and the importance of identifying sufficient reference and impaired stream reaches used to develop and calibrate multimetric indices relying on reference conditions.     

Phenotypic nutrient up-take differences in an alley cropping system in semi-arid Machakos, Kenya

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅＦｉｆｔｈＦｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ(ＥＣ,1999),ｕｎｄｅｒ“ｔｏｏｌｓｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ”,ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｃａｌｌｆｏｒｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌｓｆｏｒ“Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｐｌａｎｔａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ:ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｂｌｏｃｋｓｆｏｒｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ(ｆｏｒｓｍａｌｌｓｃａｌｅｏｒｅｎｖｉｒ…     

带尾钉素阳极帽的工艺开发和应用

主要阐述带尾钉素阳极帽的结构特性.进行工艺设计,确定其工艺参数,以替代进口产品,实现国内生产,为国家和企业创造效益.     

Effect of different water supply on morphology, growth and photosynthetic characteristcs of Salix Psammophila seedlings in Maowusu sandland, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩＰＣＣ (ＩｎｔｅｒｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰａｎｅｌｏｎＣｌｉｍａｔｅＣｈａｎｇｅ ,1990 ;1992 ;1995)ｈａｓｎｏｔｅｄｔｈａｔｈｕｍａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｒｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｏｆ“ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓｅｓ”ｓｕｃｈａｓｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ (ＣＯ2 ) ,ｍｅｔｈａｎｅ ,ｃｈｌｏｒｏｆｌｕｏｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓａｎｄｎｉｔｒｅｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｗｉｌ…     

A legal assessment of private land conservation in South America

Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region.     

添加剂对喷雾-喷动床半干法烟气脱硫性能的影响

研究了3种添加剂(NaOH、CaCl2、NaCl)对喷雾-喷动床半干法烟气脱硫性能的影响,并分析了添加剂增进脱硫效果的机理。试验结果表明：3种添加剂都能显著提高脱硫率,NaOH的效果最佳,CaCl2次之,NaCl较差。     

Using spatially explicit,time-dependent analysis to understand how social factors influence conservation outcomes

Conservation across human-dominated landscapes requires an understanding of the social and ecological factors driving outcomes. Studies that link conservation outcomes to social and ecological factors have examined temporally static patterns. However, there may be different social and ecological processes driving increases and decreases in conservation outcomes that can only be revealed through temporal analyses. Through a case study of the invasion of Falcataria moluccana in Hawaii, we examined the association of social factors with increases and decreases in invader distributions over time and space. Over 7 years, rates of invader decrease varied substantially (66–100%) relative to social factors, such as building value, whether land was privately or publically owned, and primary residence by a homeowner, whereas rates of increase varied only slightly (<0.1–3.6%) relative to such factors. These findings suggest that links between social factors and invasion in the study system may be driven more by landowners controlling existing invasive species, rather than by landowners preventing the spread of invasive species. We suggest that spatially explicit, time-dependent analyses provide a more nuanced understanding of the way social factors influence conservation outcomes. Such an understanding can help managers develop outreach programs and policies targeted at different types of landowners in human-dominated landscapes.     

Assessing the local economic impacts of land protection

Land protection, whether public or private, is often controversial at the local level because residents worry about lost economic activity. We used panel data and a quasi-experimental impact-evaluation approach to determine how key economic indicators were related to the percentage of land protected. Specifically, we estimated the impacts of public and private land protection based on local area employment and housing permits data from 5 periods spanning 1990–2015 for all major towns and cities in New England. To generate rigorous impact estimates, we modeled economic outcomes as a function of the percentage of land protected in the prior period, conditional on town fixed effects, metro-region trends, and controls for period and neighboring protection. Contrary to narratives that conservation depresses economic growth, land protection was associated with a modest increase in the number of people employed and in the labor force and did not affect new housing permits, population, or median income. Public and private protection led to different patterns of positive employment impacts at distances close to and far from cities, indicating the importance of investing in both types of land protection to increase local opportunities. The greatest magnitude of employment impacts was due to protection in more rural areas, where opportunities for both visitation and amenity-related economic growth may be greatest. Overall, we provide novel evidence that land protection can be compatible with local economic growth and illustrate a method that can be broadly applied to assess the net economic impacts of protection.