基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺残留测定

建立了番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。用乙腈水溶液提取样品中的氟毗菌胺,以C_(18)柱为分析柱、乙腈-甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测、电喷雾正离子源、外标法定量。氟吡菌胺在0.05~1.00 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=6964.10x-143.28,决定系数为0.996 8。向对照番茄果实、对照土壤中分别添加氟吡菌胺标样,使其添加量分别为0.10 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg和2.00 mg/kg,平均回收率分别为92.43%~103.32%和92.75%~104.46%,相对标准偏差分别为3.8%~4.9%和3.4%~4.4%。番茄果实和土壤中氟吡菌胺的定量限分别为1.0μg/kg和1.7μg/kg,检出限分别为0.3μg/kg和0.5μg/kg。     

设施番茄种植年限对土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

为探究设施番茄种植年限对土壤理化性质和微生物群落影响,以种植1~3 a、5~7 a和>10 a的设施番茄耕层土壤为研究对象,采用常规分析方法测定土壤理化性质,采用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序技术测定土壤微生物群落结构和多样性.结果表明,随着种植年限的延长,土壤容重和pH呈现降低趋势,最大持水量和有机质等指标逐渐增加,电导率（EC值）和全盐含量先降低后升高,显现出土壤次生盐渍化的趋势,其中土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量不同连作年限间差异显著（P<0.05）.土壤碱性磷酸酶在种植1~3 a与5~7 a存在显著性差异.各处理间真菌群落相对丰度存在显著性差异,Simpson指数和Shannon指数先升高后降低,Chao1指数逐渐降低;在属水平上,随种植年限的增加,链霉菌属（Streptomyces）等有益细菌群落相对丰度升高成为优势菌属;曲霉菌属（Aspergillus）和Pseudaleuria等致病真菌群落相对丰度逐渐增加成为优势菌属.冗余分析表明设施番茄种植年限与速效钾、速效氮呈显著正相关关系.研究认为,随种植年限的延长,设施番茄土壤次生盐渍化加重、氮磷钾养分累积和微生物群落失衡,导致设施番茄连作障碍.     

设施番茄植株中百菌清和毒死蜱残留分析方法研究

运用超声提取、氧化铝-硅胶组合填料层析净化、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测,建立了设施番茄植株根、茎、叶和果实中同时测定百菌清和毒死蜱含量的分析方法。针对设施番茄植株叶绿素含量高的特点,优化了层析柱填料和洗脱溶剂配比,并研究了两种农药在层析柱中的洗脱规律。结果表明,在番茄根、茎、叶和果实中,百菌清平均回收率分别为...     

浅谈格栅-高效浅层气浮-消解酸化-生化曝气工艺在处理高浓度酱厂废水中的应用

采用格栅一旋转固液分离一高效浅层气浮一消解酸化一生化曝气工艺处理高浓度酱厂废水,设计规模为1000 m['3]/h,总排口水质为:pH=7.05、COD<,cr>=71.6mg/L、SS=38mg/L、NH<,3>一N=1mg/L.     

几种化学物质对番茄幼苗耐低温弱光能力的影响

以4叶期番茄为试材,对叶面喷施不同浓度的CaCl_2、甜菜碱和ALA(5-氨基乙酰丙酸),用人工霜箱进行低温弱光胁迫处理,通过观测、计算冷害指数,测定净光合速率、气孔导度等指标,结果表明,CaCl_2、甜菜碱和ALA等几种化学物质能够提高番茄幼苗的耐低温弱光能力,其中CaCl_2的适宜浓度为0．4～1 mmol/L,甜菜碱的适宜浓度为2．5 mmol/L,ALA的适宜浓度为30mg/L。     

生物炭早期植物毒性评估培养方法研究

为更加科学地评估生物炭潜在植物毒性,采用生物炭(B)、生物炭+土壤(B+S)、生物炭水浸提液+土壤(AE+S)、生物炭+石英砂(B+Q)、生物炭水浸提液+石英砂(AE+Q)5种不同的培养方法进行早期植物毒性效应实验。比较分析不同培养方法中西红柿种子发芽率、根长、芽长对生物炭的响应。结果表明:在5种培养方法中,随生物炭剂量增加,西红柿种子发芽率、根长、芽长呈现先增后降的变化趋势。虽在低剂量生物炭处理下(10.0 g·kg~(-1)),种子萌发表现出促进作用。但随剂量增加,除B+S和AE+S外,均表现出一定的抑制作用,且当剂量为160.0 g·kg~(-1)时,抑制作用达到最大。对比有土和无土培养方法中种子萌发情况发现,在高剂量下,无土培养方法中种子发芽率,根、芽生长所受抑制作用显著高于有土培养方法。无土方法中,尤其AE+Q方法中,高剂量生物炭对种子发芽率、根长、芽长表现出最大的抑制作用,其中发芽率抑制率为91.1%,根长抑制率为77.7%,芽长抑制率为93.7%。综合比较分析,生物炭水浸提液+石英砂(AE+Q)的培养方法干扰因子少,可提高毒性响应灵敏度。因此,在生物炭早期植物毒性效应评估中,该法可作为推荐的培养方法。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a typical greenhouse vegetable system in Northern China were measured from February 2004 to January 2006 using a close chamber method. Four nitrogen management levels (NN, MN, CN, and SN) were used. N₂O emissions occurred intermittently in the growing season, strongly correlating with N fertilization and irrigation. No peak emissions were observed after fertilization in the late Autumn season due to low soil temperature. 57-94% of the seasonal N₂O emissions came from the initial growth stage, corresponding to the rewetting process in the soil. The annual N₂O emissions ranged from 2.6 to 8.8 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, accounting for 0.27-0.30% of the annual nitrogen input. Compared with conventional N management, site-specific N management reduced N fertilization rate by 69% in 2004 and by 76% in 2005, and consequently reduced N₂O emissions by 51% in 2004 and 27% in 2005, respectively.     

蕃茄转基因受体系统的研究

对蕃茄基因转化的受体系统进行了研究结果表明：在蕃茄离体子叶（或子叶切段）培养中,只加细胞分裂素（Zt或BA）即可使不定芽充分分化,而少量生长素对不定芽的分化反而有抑制作用;在所试验过的多种外植体中,以2／3子叶片处切割子叶所产生的外植体用作转化受体最好;不同蕃茄品种、同一品种的不同外植体及同一外植体的不同培养方式等均对转化频率有一定的影响;通过生长素短期刺激诱导,可解决转基因植物生很困难的问题．     

Determination of 28 pesticides applied on two tomato cultivars with a different surface/weight ratio of the berries,using a multiresidue GC-MS/MS method

The behavior of 28 pesticides on two tomato cultivars with a different surface/weight (S/W) ratio of the berries (S/W, Birikino vs. Tombola) was studied, in order to provide appropriate indications about their persistence on crops reaching the pre-harvest interval (PHI). Quantitative analysis was performed using a GC MS/MS method. Birikino cv. (BIR) was a “cherry type tomato” with a double S/W ratio compared with Tombola cv. (TOM). The results showed a different pesticide behavior. Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Bupirimate, Difenoconazole, Etofenprox, Iprodione, Mepanipyrim, Myclobutanil, Tebuconazole, Zoxamide, Metalaxyl M, Pyrimethanil, Tetraconazole, Benalaxyl, Cyprodinil, Fenamidone, Famoxadone and Fludioxonil immediately after treatments showed residues on BIR higher than TOM, and this behavior is consistent with its greater exposed surface. BIR showed higher decay rates of these pesticides during the whole trial, nevertheless residue averages remained higher than TOM reaching the time of harvest. Residues at the PHI were all below their Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), but data indicated that they could exceed their legal limits especially if the above-mentioned active ingredients were employed more than once per crop cycle on cherry type tomatoes. As regards to Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos methyl, Triadimenol, Pyridaben and Tebufenpyrad, no different residual behavior related to S/W ratio of the cultivars was observed. Even in this case, residues at the PHI were all below MRLs. As for Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin, Etoxazole and Cyproconazole, residues were lower than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytical method just after the treatment, according to their low doses of employment.     

Residues behavior of some fungicides applied on two greenhouse tomato varieties different in shape and weight

The degradation of 12 fungicides (azoxystrobin, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, fenarimol, fludioxonil, iprovalicarb, mepanipyrim, penconazole, pyrimethanil, tolclofos-methyl, triadimenol), commonly used in pest management strategies on Sardinian greenhouse tomato crops was studied. A different residue behaviour was observed between the studied cultivar. On the smaller, a “cherry” type tomato, field data showed an initial residue mostly higher than the “beefsteak” tomato. In any case, except for penconazole, all pesticide residues were below their maximum residue levels (MRLs) reaching the pre-harvest interval (PHI). On both cultivar, triadimenol and cymoxanil residues completely disappeared reaching their PHI, while iprovalicarb, fenarimol, and fludioxonil disappeared in a time of 17 to 24 days. On the contrary, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, penconazole, tolclofos-methyl, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil showed a long persistence on both tested cultivar and may have residual problems due to an accumulation effect if repeated field treatments will be performed. The first group of molecules according to their rapid degradation could be used in low pesticide-input management in order to obtain tomatoes with low or no detectable residues.