Enhanced activity of ZnS(111) by N/Cu co-doping:Accelerated degradation of organic pollutants under visible light

High-efficiency photocatalysts are of great significance for the application of photocatalytic technology in water treatment.In this study,N/Cu co-doped ZnS nanosphere photocatalys(N/Cu-ZnS) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time.After doping,the tex ture of nanosphere becomes loose,the nanometer diameter is reduced,making the specific surface area of catalyst increased from 34.73 to 101.59 m²/g.The characterization results show that more ZnS (111) crystal planes a...     

ZJR型涂料的制备及特性研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,使用磷酸氢二钠、十水合四硼酸钠和氢氧化镁等制备了阻燃体系料,复合后制成ZJR涂料。利用热分析仪分析纳米TiO2和阻燃体系复合的防火涂料的温度与热失率关系,并得到热重与微商热重曲线。550~650℃之间,失重率约为11%,ZJR涂料在400~600℃有较好的阻燃效果。该涂料对污染气体的光催化降解研究结果表明:光照60 m in后,对二氧化硫的降解率为90.40%,紫外光照40 m in后,甲醛气体降解率为68.98%。进一步添加聚乙二醇和银离子使涂料改性,使涂料光催化甲醛的活性分别提高了11%和14%,效果显著。     

纳米材料在环境保护中的应用与发展

综述了纳米材料的环保功能以及其在环境保护中的应用，并列举了近年出现的纳米环保产品，提出了纳米材料在环保应用中存在的问题。     

MODELING LIGHT ATTENUATION,SECCHI DISK,AND EFFECTS OF TRIPTON IN SENACA RIVER,NEW YORK,USA1

The development, testing, and application of a probabilistic model framework for the light attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance (K_d) and Secchi disc transparency (SD) that resolves the effects of several light attenuating constituents, including phytoplankton and nonliving particles (tripton), is documented. The model is consistent with optical theory, partitioning the magnitudes of the light attenuating processes of absorption and scattering according to the contributions of attenuating constituents as simple summations. The probabilistic framework accommodates variations in the character and concentrations of these constituents and ambient conditions during measurements, and recognizes a linear relationship between the magnitudes of absorption and scattering by tripton. The model is tested and applied for a 21 km reach of the Seneca River, New York, that features optical gradients caused by an intervening hypereutrophic lake and dam, and a severe infestation of the exotic zebra mussel. The model is applied to resolve the roles of phytoplankton and tripton in regulating measured longitudinal patterns of SD along the study reach of the river and increases in SD since the zebra mussel invasion, and to predict decreases in K_d since the invasion.     

Conservation implications of anthropogenic impacts on visual communication and camouflage

Anthropogenic environmental impacts can disrupt the sensory environment of animals and affect important processes from mate choice to predator avoidance. Currently, these effects are best understood for auditory and chemosensory modalities, and recent reviews highlight their importance for conservation. We examined how anthropogenic changes to the visual environment (ambient light, transmission, and backgrounds) affect visual communication and camouflage and considered the implications of these effects for conservation. Human changes to the visual environment can increase predation risk by affecting camouflage effectiveness, lead to maladaptive patterns of mate choice, and disrupt mutualistic interactions between pollinators and plants. Implications for conservation are particularly evident for disrupted camouflage due to its tight links with survival. The conservation importance of impaired visual communication is less documented. The effects of anthropogenic changes on visual communication and camouflage may be severe when they affect critical processes such as pollination or species recognition. However, when impaired mate choice does not lead to hybridization, the conservation consequences are less clear. We suggest that the demographic effects of human impacts on visual communication and camouflage will be particularly strong when human‐induced modifications to the visual environment are evolutionarily novel (i.e., very different from natural variation); affected species and populations have low levels of intraspecific (genotypic and phenotypic) variation and behavioral, sensory, or physiological plasticity; and the processes affected are directly related to survival (camouflage), species recognition, or number of offspring produced, rather than offspring quality or attractiveness. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic effects on the visual environment may be of similar importance relative to conservation as anthropogenic effects on other sensory modalities.     

某型机车牵引电机传动端轴承低速轻载无飞溅润滑试验研究

主要根据客户要求,在低速(1 km/h)及轻载工况下,测量传动端轴承无飞溅润滑条件下的温升等参数,而进行相关的电机试验,为某型机车牵引电机传动端轴承在低速及轻载工况下,无飞溅润滑提供试验验证及技术支撑。     

308 nm光作用下α-Fe2O3表面HNO3的光解

采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及离子色谱(IC)技术对HNO3在α-Fe2O3表面暗反应和308nm下光解反应进行了研究.考察了时间、HNO3浓度、相对湿度(RH)等条件对反应的影响.结果表明,随着HNO3浓度、光照时间的增加,HNO3在气相与α-Fe2O3表面光解产物浓度均呈指数增加;HNO3在α-Fe2O3表面光解产生的NO2、NO分别为气相产生的3.27及3.87倍,而无论气相还是表面光解的NO2浓度均约为NO的2倍.随着RH的增加,HNO3光解产生的HONO的浓度随之呈指数增大,其产率从RH 20%时的0.023增加到90%时的0.087.α-Fe2O3的表面效应在HNO3的表面光解反应中起主导作用.     

缙云山土地利用方式对土壤轻组及颗粒态有机碳氮的影响

选取缙云山阳坡同一海拔处亚热带常绿阔叶林(以下简称林地)、果园、坡耕地和撂荒地这4种不同土地利用类型,在0~60 cm深度内每隔10 cm采集一个土样,测定土壤轻组有机碳氮(LFOC、LFON)和颗粒态有机碳氮(POC、PON)含量,并计算其分配比例和碳氮比.结果表明,在0~60 cm土壤深度范围内,林地转变为坡耕地后,LFOC及LFON含量分别降低了71.42%和38.46%(P0.05),转变为果园后变化不明显,坡耕地撂荒后其含量分别升高了3.77倍和1.38倍(P0.05);林地转变为坡耕地或果园后,POC及PON含量均无明显变化,而坡耕地撂荒后其含量分别增加了4.12和1.25倍(P0.05).林地转变为坡耕地后土壤LFOC及LFON分配比例显著降低,转变为果园后则明显升高,而POC及PON分配比例变化均不明显;坡耕地撂荒后,LFOC、LFON、POC、PON分配比例均显著增加.土壤SOC/TN为撂荒地(12.93)林地(8.53)果园(7.52)坡耕地(4.40),LFOC/LFON为撂荒地(16.32)林地(14.29)果园(11.32)坡耕地(7.60),POC/PON为撂荒地(23.41)坡耕地(13.85)林地(10.30)果园(9.64).以上研究结果表明林地开垦为果园或坡耕地后容易导致土壤轻组有机碳氮的损失,而坡耕地撂荒则有利于土壤活性有机碳氮的积累;林地转变为坡耕地减弱了土壤有机碳氮的活性,而林地转变为果园以及坡耕地撂荒均使土壤有机碳氮活性增强;林地转变为坡耕地和果园加剧了土壤有机质的矿化,相对而言,坡耕地撂荒后有利于土壤有机质的固定.     

β-In2S3的制备及其太阳光下降解土霉素

利用水热反应法制备β-In2S3纳米颗粒光催化剂,并利用SEM、TEM和XRD等对其进行分析表征;采用土霉素溶液模拟四环素类抗生素废水,探讨In2S3对土霉素的降解效果.结果表明,β-In2S3为立方相纳米颗粒结构,该纳米颗粒由纳米片组成,直径约15~30 nm.以太阳光为辐射光源,In2S3对土霉素具有良好的光催化降解效果,在4 h内对初始浓度为30 mg·L-1的土霉素降解率可达98%以上.降解土霉素后的催化剂在无水乙醇中清洗并烘干,经4次循环利用后,β-In2S3的降解能力仍能达到85%以上,表明β-In2S3光催化剂具有良好的稳定性以及光催化活性.     

TiO2–PANI/Cork composite: A new floating photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants under sunlight irradiation

A novel photocatalyst based on TiO_2–PANI composite supported on small pieces of cork has been reported. It was prepared by simple impregnation method of the polyaniline(PANI)–modified TiO_2 on cork. The TiO_2–PANI/Cork catalyst shows the unique feature of floating on the water surface. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron micrograph(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV–vis DRS) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area analysis. Characterization suggested the formation of anatase highly dispersed on the cork surface. The prepared floating photocatalyst showed high efficiency for the degradation of methyl orange dye and other organic pollutants under solar irradiation and constrained conditions, i.e., no-stirring and no-oxygenation. The TiO_2–PANI/Cork floating photocatalyst can be reused for at least four consecutive times without significant decrease of the degradation efficiency.