几种植物处理含重金属废水的适应性研究

试验采用蕹菜、油菜、美人蕉、水葫芦、水花生、水浮莲6种适应人工湿地的植物，在水培情况下研究了它们对Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn6种重金属的适应性，以综合考虑了植物的适水性与对重金属耐性的生物量为指标，得出了植物对6种重金属模拟废水综合耐性由强到弱的排序为美人蕉→水葫芦→油菜→水浮莲→蕹菜→水花生。不同植物对于其中一种重金属的单一耐性也有差异，美人蕉对Cr、Hg、Zn耐性较强，水浮莲对Pb、Cu、Cd耐性较强。植物对重金属的综合耐性和单一耐性的试验结果可为湿地处理含重金属废水提供参考。     

大坞河流域重金属污染与五节芒光谱效应关系研究

以大坞河流域五节芒（Miscanthus floridulus）可见一近红外光谱以及叶片样本Cu、Zn、Fe元素质量分数监测数据为基础，对研究区内五节芒中重金属质量分数特征、光谱特征及两者的相关性进行了探讨。结果表明：五节芒叶片中3种金属元素的质量分数都较高；从上游到下游，五节芒叶片中Cu质量分数整体呈逐渐降低的趋势，五节芒光谱反射率在可见光区和近红外区均增加，红边“红移”（向长波方向飘移）强度逐渐减小；同时，五节芒叶片中Cu质量分数与五节芒可见光区、近红外区光谱反射率积分值呈负相关性，与红边“红移”强度、土壤中Cu质量分数呈正相关。并由此得出五节芒光谱特征中A1、A2、S等3项指标能够较好反映土壤的Cu污染程度，经进一步深入研究，可以将五节芒作为监测矿区土壤Cu污染的指示植物。     

Streptomyces sp. WJS-825产谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵条件优化及中试

应用五因子二次正交旋转回归试验设计,建立了微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (TG)发酵生产过程中以酶活力和菌体细胞生长量作为目标函数的数学模型,并以此模型对链霉菌 (Streptomycessp. )WJS-825菌株发酵生产TG的培养条件进行优化,确定了影响TG生产的主要因子及其最适取值为多价胨 2. 1%、可溶性淀粉 1. 5%、初始pH 7. 0及培养温度 30℃.以该优化工艺条件进行了 5L发酵罐小试和 200L发酵规模的中试生产.结果表明,在中试发酵生产中使用以豆饼粉部分替代多价胨的经济性发酵优化培养基,以及发酵过程中在线监控pH、溶氧系数等多项发酵调控参数,并分段控制pH、温度、通气量和搅拌转速以及进行适时的流加补充碳源,该菌株生长繁殖能力强、产酶效果好,TG活性达 3. 2u/mL,而且连续重复的中试发酵生产试验的TG产量均稳定在 3. 2u/mL以上. 图 2表 3参 15     

宁南霉素诱导烟草酸性病程相关蛋白的研究

研究了宁南霉素对烟草酸性病程相关蛋白的诱导表达．结果表明，宁南霉素可系统性地诱导烟草叶片中酸性病程相关蛋白的高效表达．与水杨酸相比，宁南霉素诱导酸性病程相关蛋白的表达水平较高，持续时问较长．此外，在同一品种不同形态叶片烟草植株中，宁南霉素对植物酸性病程相关蛋白的诱导存在差异．图6表3参20     

Concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in vegetation at two abandoned mine tailings in South Korea

Untreated abandoned mines may result in hazards to ecosystems due to dispersion of various toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). Phytoremediation is an alternative of remediation for large scale mine dumps. Plant species were sampled from two abandoned gold (Au) mines in South Korea. Plant samples were digested following the guidelines of US EPA Method 3050 (US-EPA, 1996) and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations and bioaccumulation factors of plants are reported and out-performing species are summarized. Poplar trees (Populus davidiana) growing on the Myoungbong tailings were suggested to be a potential species for revegetation of large scale Au mine tailings. Arsenic accumulations of bracken ferns (Pteridium aquilinum) sampled from the Duckum tailings were far lower than those of the reported hyperaccumulators, but the possible chronic adverse effects on residents through daily diet are of concern.     

湿地对水中磷素净化作用的研究进展

随着对湿地功能认识的加强，湿地科学研究从资源考察开始向湿地过程研究转变，尤其是全球环境问题的加剧，使得湿地对营养物质的截留功能倍受关注。磷是农业非点源污染的重要元素之一，又是导致湿地及下游水体富营养化的重要原因，研究湿地对水中磷素的净化作用是湿地生物地球化学研究和流域水环境保护研究的重要环节。文章综述了湿地系统各因子(土壤、植被、水文、微生物)及其它环境因子(如温度、CO2浓度、污染物负荷)对磷的净化作用的影响以及湿地中磷的动态模型等方面的国内外研究进展，指出在研究手段、方法和内容方面的不足，强调今后研究应注重长期连续的湿地动态监测，湿地净化功能模型和净化能力阈值以及景观生态学在湿地净化功能方面的应用。     

大冶龙角山矿区几种植物的重金属吸收特征

通过调查采样和化学测试,对大冶龙角山矿区小麦、油菜、莴苣、白菜苔、豌豆等几种主要农作物中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cd及类金属As的质量分数进行分析。结果表明,供试农作物中,莴苣的重金属(包括As)质量分数显著高于其它作物的,其中以Cd质量分数最高,而豌豆的重金属质量分数最低,其它作物重金属质量分数由高到低的顺序为油菜、腌菜、白菜苔、小麦;小麦中的重金属质量分数依次是w(Cd) > w(As) > w(Pb) > w(Cu) > w(Cr),油菜中为w(Cd) > w(As) > w(Pb) > w(Cr) > w(Cu),莴苣中为w(Cd) > w(Cu) > w(Pb) > w(As)> w(Cr);随河流向下,作物中重金属含量变化规律与相应土壤中重金属累积量基本一致,如油菜含铜量在上游为0.61 g/g,在下游为0.37 g/g。     

三江平原湿地岛状林CH4和N2O排放通量的特征

利用静态箱-气相色谱法对三江平原湿地岛状林生长季N2O、CH4的排放通量进行了为期4个月的原位测定,分析了三江平原湿地岛状林CH4、N2O排放通量的季节特征,并初步探讨了CH4、N2O排放通量与温度和土壤水分的关系.湿地岛状林CH4、N2O通量均呈现出明显的正负交替的变化特征, 通量范围分别为-560.45～706.35 μg/(m2·h)和-28.87～43.59 μg/(m2·h), 季节均值分别为41.88 μg/(m2·h)和11.56 μg/(m2·h).结果表明, 湿地三江平原湿地岛状林土壤是CH4和N2O的汇.相关分析表明,CH4和N2O的排放与箱内温度具有弱相关性.土壤水分是影响湿地岛状林土壤CH4吸收、排放关系的重要因素, 而土壤的干湿交替能促进岛状林土壤N2O的排放.     

Why do plants ‘talk’?

Summary Plant defence can be induced by herbivory. This is true for both direct and indirect plant defence. Induced direct defence has been the most studied of the two. However, in most cases induced direct defence does not appear to be a water-tight defence option. In contrast, induced indirect defence through the production of herbivore-induced carnivore attractants can be a decisive factor in the extermination of herbivore populations. In this paper the main characteristics of induced attraction of carnivores by plants are reviewed. This includes the similarities and dissimilarities among tritrophic systems. There are two main patterns of induced carnivore attraction. (1) Through the emission of the same bouquet as that emitted by mechanically damaged plants, but in larger quantities and for a longer period of time after damage. (2) Through emission of large amounts of new volatiles that are synthesizedde novo in response to herbivore feeding andnot in response to mechanical wounding.Herbivore populations may be decimated by carnivores. Therefore it should be realized that herbivoreinduced carnivore attractants are essential in an important step in carnivore foraging,i.e. long-distance herbivore location. Once herbivores have started feeding on a plant and direct defence is not effective, induced indirect defence may be decisive for plant survival. Therefore, it is concluded that indirect defence is an essential aspect of induced plant defence directed at herbivorous arthropods.     

多目标优化方法在城市污水厂汇水区污染源总量控制规划中的应用

在城市污水处理厂汇水区实行污染源总量控制,应该避免与城市污水处理厂重复治理.针对这个问题,提出难降解有机物控制的多目标准则指标,建立了多目标优化模型.