Degradation of β–cyfluthrin insecticide by goat intestinal esterase

Esterase enzyme was isolated from goat intestine and partially purified to explore whether it can degrade β-cyfluthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. The products of the reaction were identified in order to propose its path of degradation to innocuous non-toxic compounds. This is the first report for testing the suitability of such esterase enzyme for degrading a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide.     

The effects of developmental lead (Pb) exposure on the expression of the CTGF and TGF-β1 in hippocampus of pups

Pregnant mice were exposed to control (0%), low (0.1%), moderate (0.5%), and high (1%) lead (Pb) acetate in deionized drinking water from the first day of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 21. Pb concentration was determined in blood and the hippocampus at the 7th, 14th, or 21st day of neonatal mice pups. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein was also measured in the hippocampus using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays. The expression of CTGF and TGF-β1 mRNA was up-regulated in hippocampus in Pb-exposed groups. These results were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining. Data suggest that CTGF and TGF-β1 genes are differentially regulated and are affected by Pb.     

Application of an inclusion complex for determination of dithianon residues in water and fruits

A 3,3′-benzidine/β-cyclodextrin fluorescence derivative (BCDFD) was prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis and ¹H NMR. An inclusion complex was formed between BCDFD and the pesticide dithianon based on the internal cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and the binding constant (K_S ) of the inclusion complex was investigated. The inclusion complex could be applied for the determination of dithianon residues. Based on this, a sensitive method for the determination of dithianon was established. The linear dynamic range was from 0.63 to 12.5?mg?L^?1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9927. The limit of detection for an aqueous solution of standard and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 10.6?µg?L^?1 and 0.76%, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of dithianon residues in water and fruit samples with satisfactory results, and recoveries in the range of 96.0–108% were obtained. The method is rapid, direct, economical, and sensitive for dithianon analysis.     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对THP-1细胞IL-1β和MMP-8表达及ROS的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯((DEHP)的细胞免疫毒性作用与机制,采用RT-PCR和ELISA方法,考察了0.05～1μmol·L-1浓度范围内的DEHP对THP-1细胞白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及基质金属蛋白酶-8(MMP-8)基因和蛋白表达的影响;采用免疫印迹WesternBlot方法检测DE-HP对ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响;以2,'7-'二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)为荧光探针检测1～50μmol·L-1DEHP对细胞内活性氧(ROS)产生的影响。结果显示,0.05和0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在6h内显著诱导IL-1β和MMP-8基因表达(P<0.05或0.01);0.05～1μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞48h,可诱导IL-1β蛋白表达,并表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,线性拟合的确定系数为0.937;0.05μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞6或12h,显著诱导MMP-8蛋白表达(P<0.05);0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在15～30min内快速诱导ERK1/2磷酸化;1～50μmol·L-1DEHP浓度依赖性刺激细胞中ROS的产生;ERK/MAPK抑制剂PD98059显著抑制DEHP诱导的MMP-8分泌,但对IL-1β分泌未表现出抑制作用。研究表明,DEHP可能是经ERK/MAPK信号路径诱导MMP-8基因和蛋白的表达,经其他路径诱导IL-1β基因和蛋白的表达,诱导细胞内ROS的产生,从而激发炎症反应,进而损害免疫系统功能引发哮喘等炎症性疾病。此研究结果可为DEHP的暴露风险评估提供参考。     

黑胸散白蚁纤维素酶的体外酶学特性

采用DNS法研究了我国广泛分布的一种低等木食性白蚁——黑胸散白蚁纤维素酶的体外酶活特性以了解其纤维素降解机制.结果表明,内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶(EG)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)这3种酶的最佳反应时间均为15 min,最佳底物浓度为1%,最适反应pH为5.6,最适反应温度为35℃.在最适反应条件下,EG、CBH和BG的活性分别达到71.3(±13.9)U/mg、5.8(±0.8)U/mg和4.1(±0.7)U/mg.EG在体外的热稳定性较差,在50℃及更高温度酶活很低或完全失活,但该酶对pH稳定性较好,在pH 3.2～8.0范围内酶活力变化不大.Native-PAGE电泳检测到该白蚁体内至少有8种不同的EG活性条带,肠道不同部位纤维素酶活性条带种类不同.这些研究表明,木食性白蚁降解纤维素是一个复杂的过程,需要多种纤维素酶的共同作用.     

UV体系中3种微量类固醇雌激素的竞争降解及同趋转化

采用UV体系(UV、UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/TiO2)降解水中同时存在的3种微量类固醇雌激素雌酮(E1)、17-β雌二醇(E2)和17-α乙炔基雌二醇(EE2),结果表明,降解过程均符合一级反应动力学,通过不同UV系统对比发现,关键因素对混合污染降解的影响顺序为H2O2>光强>TiO2.E1光解特性良好,在混合基质中可优势降解;E2和EE2直接光解效果较差,优劣顺序受到光强的影响,光强升高EE2略占优势.H2O2和催化剂TiO2的投加可提高3种物质的降解效果及降解速率常数,但竞争条件下E2和EE2的去除率提高有限.E1,E2和EE2的光化学降解过程具有相似的转化趋势,均可生成与E1结构类似的副产物.     

伏安法测定水中β-萘酚

研究了β-萘酚在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰电极上的电化学行为,在C6H8O7-Na2HPO4溶液中,β-萘酚在修饰电极上产生一对可逆峰,还原峰电位为-0.103V,氧化峰电位为-0.076V,该峰较灵敏、稳定,适于伏安测定。据此提出了一种灵敏,简便的检测β-萘酚的电化学分析方法。在合适的条件下,β-萘酚浓度在2×10-5～4×10-4mol/L范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性相关,相关系数r=0.9940,检出限2.5×10-7mol/L。同时对模拟水样进行测定,结果满意。     

β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖对酸性红R的吸附研究

为改善壳聚糖的吸附性能,用苯甲醛保护壳聚糖氨基,通过与环氧氯丙烷和β-环糊精的反应合成了新的吸附剂β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖,研究了其对偶氮染料酸性红R的吸附行为,考察了酸性红R的初始浓度、pH对吸附效果的影响。结果发现当酸性红R的浓度≤100mg/g时,合成物的吸附量随酸性红R浓度的增大而增加,当浓度进一步增大时,吸附量趋于平衡。合成物对酸性红R的吸附效果在pH为2～4之间最好。相比于Freundlich吸附等温式(R2=0.8476),β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖对酸性红R的吸附规律明显更符合Langmuir吸附等温式(R2=0.9977)。吸附动力学采用了准一级速率方程(R2=0.8609)和准二级速率方程来描述,结果表明吸附动力学符合准二级速率方程(R2=0.9945)。β-环糊精接枝后的壳聚糖对酸性红R的平衡吸附容量可以提高20.2mg/g。     

污水处理中17β-雌二醇的去除机理研究

介绍了污水处理中17β-雌二醇（E2）的去除机理及其去除效果的影响因素。研究表明,E2是生活污水中普遍存在,最具潜在影响、作用最强的一种类固醇雌激素;污水处理过程中,活性污泥吸附作用可使E2浓度迅速降低,而生物降解是去除E2的主要方式且去除过程遵循一级反应,E1是E2生物降解过程中的中间产物。在好氧条件下,提高温度、延长水力停留时间和泥龄、强化硝化等均可一定程度上提高E2的去除效率。     

重组酵母法测评Fenton反应中激素活性变化关系

环境内分泌干扰物的污染已成为环境领域广泛关注的研究领域.文章利用重组基因酵母菌检系统评测雌二醇(E2)在非均相Fenton光催化高级氧化降解过程中的激素活性变化.色谱质谱解析中间产物的结构,很好地解释了该非均相Fenton催化氧化过程不仅可以降低E2浓度,而且可以降低母体和中间产物的雌激素活性,对水体的安全处理具有重要...