污水净化装置内部流场特性分析研究

针对目前城市污水存在悬浮物和砂粒的问题,为了减少砂粒大量存在给后续单元带来的处理压力,设计了一种可实现在加药、絮凝等处理模块前,完成污水内固相悬浮物及颗粒的新型净化装置.基于计算流体动力学软件Fluent,运用混合相模型(Mixture),对新型污水净化装置内部流场特性及分离性能进行数值模拟分析.模拟结果显示新型污水净化装置内部流场分布均匀,分离性能稳定并呈现出了较好的固相去除效果,其中悬浮物的分离效率达90%以上,固相颗粒分离效率达91%.     

膨胀污泥中丝状菌的分离鉴定与特性分析

为了阐明膨胀污泥中的丝状菌种类和特性,利用培养法、显微镜检和分子生物学分析技术从城市污水处理厂的膨胀污泥中分离鉴定丝状菌,并对典型丝状菌进行特性分析.利用高氏一号培养基和淀粉培养基分离出的丝状菌可归入18个属,其中链霉菌属(Streptomyce)、细杆菌属(Microbacterium)属于放线菌门,其余均属于真菌.青霉菌属(Penicillium)、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)、毛孢子菌属(Trichosporon)在培养基上的出现频次较高.毛孢子菌、链霉菌、青霉菌和链格孢菌都能在pH中性或偏酸性条件下良好生长.高浓度的Na Cl能够抑制毛孢子菌和链霉菌,但对青霉菌和链格孢菌的抑制作用不明显.除毛孢子菌外,链霉菌、青霉菌和链格孢菌都可有效地利用蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素,碳源浓度增加会促进它们的生长.r DNA-ITS区高通量测序结果表明膨胀污泥中存在大量未知真菌.     

2株降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其降解特性

为了获得具有菲降解特性的植物内生细菌,通过选择性富集培养,本研究从多环芳烃污染区植物体内分离得到2株能够降解液体培养基中高浓度菲(200 mg·L-1)的植物内生细菌(菌株P1和P3).经形态观察、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,分别将菌株P1和P3鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的细菌.菌株P1和P3均为好氧生长,28℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d,2株菌对无机盐培养基中菲(100 mg·L-1)的降解率均高于90%.条件实验表明,温度20～30℃,pH 6.0～8.0,盐含量0%～4%,装液量10～30 mL(100 mL三角瓶)2菌株生长良好且对菲降解率高于70%.其最适生长和降解温度为30℃,pH为7.0,盐含量≤4%,装液量≤30 mL.综合比较2株菌对菲的降解特性,P1菌株高温耐受性稍强,而P3菌株对环境pH改变和缺氧的耐受性稍强.     

A pilot-scale study of cryolite precipitation from high fluoride-containing wastewater in a reaction-separation integrated reactor

Fluoride removal by traditional precipitation generates huge amounts of a water-rich sludge with low quality, which has no commercial or industrial value. The present study evaluated the feasibility of recovering fluoride as low water content cryolite from industrial fluoride-containing wastewater. A novel pilot-scale reaction-separation integrated reactor was designed. The results showed that the seed retention time in the reactor was prolonged to strengthen the induced crystallization process. The particle size of cryolite increased with increasing seed retention time, which decreased the water content. The recovery rate of cryolite was above 75% under an influent fluoride concentration of 3500 mg/L, a reaction temperature of 50℃, and an influent flow of 40 L/hr. The cryolite products that precipitated from the reactor were small in volume, large in particle size, low in water content, high in crystal purity, and recyclable.     

Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

苯酚降解红球菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法,从唐山污水处理厂附近的植物根际土中分离得到1株高效苯酚降解菌11-111。该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,可以在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为2 000 mg/L的苯酚。对该菌株的降解性能研究表明,在温度24~32℃,pH值6.5~8.5,装液量≤20 mL(100 mL摇瓶)范围内,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株对初始浓度500~1 500 mg/L的苯酚均能有效降解。根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果,鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)菌株。该菌株具有较强的环境适应能力和苯酚降解能力,有较高的研究价值及应用前景。     

超磁分离净化技术在矿井水井下处理站中的应用

分析了超磁分离净化技术的原理和特点,并将该技术在协庄煤矿井下矿井水处理站进行了工程化应用.结果表明:超磁分离水净化系统能在较短时间内完成微絮凝、固液分离过程,出水SS≤10 mg/L,SS去除率＞95％;该技术与其它混凝沉淀技术相比,具有占地面积小、处理效率高的优点,但也存在电能消耗较高和磁粉流失的缺点.该技术在煤矿井下矿井水预处理中应用,具有一定的优势.     

海水中亚硝化细菌的分离鉴定研究

从海水样品中分离到1株严格自养的氨氧化细菌GW201210,对该株茵的形态特征、培养特性、生理生化特性等生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,它为革兰氏染色阴性,无鞭毛,不产芽孢,细胞短杆状,呈单个排列或排列成直线。该菌株能将氨氮氧化成亚硝酸盐,不能还原硝酸盐,能利用CO2,在7％NaCl条件下生长,在肉汤培养基中不生长,其特性均符合亚硝酸菌的特征,并用PCR方法扩增该菌株的16SrDNA基因,进行16SrDNA序列比较、同源性分析并构建系统发育树,将菌株GW201210初步鉴定为亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitro．somonascommunis）o     

医院低碳经济管理路径探索研究

在建设两型社会的大背景下,我院积极探索低碳经济管理途径,通过实施‘‘四权分离物品管理机制”、全成本核算、打造数字化医院和低碳医疗等手段初步实现了低碳经济管理,并取得了极大的经济效益和社会效益。     

海洋赤潮毒素高灵敏检测技术综述

赤潮毒素通常存在于海洋生物中,具有毒性大、中毒速度快、防治困难等特点。近年来频繁发生的赤潮所引起的赤潮毒素严重影响水产养殖和人们食品安全,随着人们对食品安全的重视和赤潮毒素研究的不断深入,赤潮毒素快速、高灵敏分析检测已成为研究的热点。文章针对近十年来典型赤潮毒素高灵敏检测方法进行综述,并对这些方法的优缺点和需要完善的方面进行分析。