纤维素降解真菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

经过实验分离到一株纤维素降解真菌CD-Q1,通过形态及分子生物学鉴定该真菌为匍匐根霉。该菌能够以滤纸、秸秆和脱酯棉为唯一碳源生长,8 d内可将26.5%的秸秆降解,可将7.5%的滤纸糖化。当以滤纸为唯一碳源时,pH=5条件下,滤纸失重及还原糖产生量最高,45 h内可将3%滤纸降解,生成0.845 mg/ml的还原糖(以葡萄糖计)。该纤维素降解真菌的分离为纤维素糖化及进一步利用提供了较好菌源,为纤维素降解性能的基因改良提供了理想的出发菌株。     

关于承诺的故事——访东北林业大学鸟类专家许青副教授

正"鸟类的迁徙,这是一个关于承诺的故事,归来的承诺。历经重重危机后的数千里旅行,只为了一个目的,生存……候鸟迁徙是一场生命的搏斗。"这是法国纪录片《鸟的迁徙》的开场旁白。几乎所有看过的观众都为之震撼。鸟儿的承诺关乎生命的繁衍。那么人类的承诺呢?为了这个话题,笔者来到位于哈尔滨市的东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,拜访了我国鸟类专家许青副教授。数据库已经收录了3000余段鸟语,最长达十多分钟     

辽河油田石油污染土壤的2阶段生物修复

建立了污染土壤预制床处理工程,对不同类型原油污染土壤分别进行堆腐处理,历时2个阶段,共运行210d.当稀油、稠油、特稠油和高凝油污染土壤中石油烃总量(TPH)为25.8～77.2g·kg^-1时,经过53d(为第1阶段)的运行,TPH去除率38.37%～56.74%.第2年(为第2阶段)继续处理156d,TPH降解率达到66.59%～80.96%.连续运行结果表明,污染土壤中易分解的石油烃污染物大部分在第1阶段得到降解,第二阶段降解率明显降低.     

滨海盐碱地施用磷石膏与糠醛渣对番茄菌根化苗生长的影响

通过江苏省东台市黄海原种场田间试验,研究施加磷石膏和糠醛渣对滨海盐碱地土壤改良和番茄菌根化苗生长及其果实品质的影响.结果发现,番茄菌根化苗移栽至盐碱地后根系丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,A M)真菌侵染率及土壤碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于非菌根化的对照苗(P0.05),土壤pH则显著低于对照(P0.05);在此基础上施加磷石膏和糠醛渣对AM真菌侵染率均无显著影响,其中施磷石膏处理可进一步降低土壤pH(P0.05),但土壤电导率趋于升高.番茄最终收获时菌根化苗的果实产量及其可溶性糖酸比均显著高于对照苗(P0.05),在此基础上施加磷石膏与糠醛渣处理果实的可溶性固体物含量均显著升高(P0.05),其中施糠醛渣处理果实的维生素C含量趋于升高,而硝酸盐含量则显著下降(P0.05).本研究表明,菌根化育苗在滨海盐碱地番茄栽培中有较好的应用效果,而施加磷石膏和糠醛渣可进一步促进菌根化苗生长并改善番茄果实品质,其中施用糠醛渣的效果尤佳.     

复合菌种协同发酵酒糟生产饲料蛋白研究

以笔者选育的８５０３和８５０５复合菌种为试验菌,以白酒糟为原料,经最适试验,确定最优条件为：培养温度３０．０℃,初始ＰＨ５．５,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４添加量为５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,投料量１０％,接种量５－１０％,发酵期限５ｄ,在最适条件试验的基础上,进行了５Ｌ发酵罐试验,发酵产物粗蛋白质含量由２３．７５％提高到３５．７５％,提高了１１．００％,其中真蛋白质提高１０．３４％,粗纤维降低了２．０５％,氨基酸总量由     

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure北大核心CSCD

Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry, but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes. Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns. In our study, the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected. Three types of carriers (rapeseed cake, peat soil, and coconut bran), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3), and organic fertilizer (YJ) were composted into different bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY), which were used in pot experiments. The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods. Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest, which decreased by 20% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to HF (chemical fertilizer, 16-16-16) and YJ (organic fertilizer). The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY) were significantly higher than those in HF. However, the α-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, and KY) were higher than those of LC, LN, and LY, and the bacterial community composition was significantly different. The bacteria GP4, GP6, Bacillus, and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC, KN, and KY, while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC, LN, and LY. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot. In summary, the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms, which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

沉水植物黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放过程

为探究沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放规律,采用黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)作为研究用沉水植物,在实验室内模拟了黑藻在初春温度下腐解过程中的主要营养盐碳、氮、磷的释放过程.结果表明:黑藻在试验初期迅速腐解,该过程中向水体释放大量碳(81.31%)、氮(81.62%)、磷(85.94%).但随着时间的推移,黑藻向水体释放的磷大部分沉积进入底泥,而氮有部分沉积进入底泥,同时有部分以气体形式移出水体.黑藻腐烂分解产生的厌氧条件以及高TOC供给促进水体反硝化作用加快氮素移出水体.但是较大生物残留量会引起水体缺氧,植物残体分解加剧,导致水质严重恶化,因此需要适时收割水生植物来控制水体残留生物量.     

白腐真菌降解造纸废水的规律研究

在白腐真菌降解造纸废水的基础上，建立降解反应模型并推导出降解参数方程，并对其进行分析。     

虾塘残饵腐解对养殖环境影响的研究：——Ⅰ.虾塘底层残饵腐解对水质 …

通过室内模拟实验，研究了虾塘底层残饵腐解对虾池水质的影响和更换虾池海水后底层水质质量的变化和清除覆盖于池底的残饵后池底底层水质的变化。结果表明，由于池底残饵的腐解，使虾池水质变坏，ＤＯ降至零，ｐＨ下降至６．０，达不到生物存活的水平。更换虾池海水后，池义东质仍然受到一定的影响。涂除池义残铒后，由于沉积物的吸附作用，大量硫化物又释放出来，仍然严重影响虾池的水质质量。数据表明，在养虾过程中应尽量减少虾饵