利用生物技术加快草坪产业的发展

随着经济、社会的不断发展 ,人们生活水平的日益提高 ,人类赖以生存的生态环境越来越引起人们的注意。改善生态环境、美化绿色家园已经成为时代的要求、现代文明的象征。草坪产业是新兴的绿色朝阳产业 ,利用现代生物技术加快发展草坪产业 ,对于实现可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。1　草坪在生态环境保护中的　重要作用草坪又叫草地 ,是人工铺植草皮或播种培育的、覆盖地面的绿色毡毯。上个世纪特别是第二次世界大战以来 ,草坪业在世界上得到了快速发展。美国草坪种子市场超过了杂交谷物 ,成为第二大种子市场 ,人均绿化面积达到了 2 0 0多平…     

生物法净化气态污染的系统研究

废气生物净化技术具有传统净化方法不可比拟的优越性和安全性 ,从微生物的驯化培养、环境及营养条件的优化、填料介质的选择、理论模式的发展和净化设备的开发等方面讨论了生物法在大气污染控制中的应用研究情况     

自然选育酵母菌对不同废水处理及资源化研究

从色拉油加工废水,味精废水、印染废水、钻井废水等4种特性各异的废水中筛选出酵母菌,并根据形态特征和生理生化特征对筛选到的12种酵母菌（包括2种耐氨酵母）进行了鉴定。结果表明：酵母菌处理工艺对色拉油加工废水和味精废水这两类高浓度有机废水具有较好的处理效率,如前者的TOC和后者的COD的去除率均在85%以上。但对人工合成物质含量较高的印染废水和钻井废水处理效果较差。这一结果可能与酵母菌原来所处的环境条件有关。     

生物法治理炼油废水获创新成果

国家‘863’计划“水污染控制技术与治理工程”重大专项中的两个课题——“高效优良菌种选育及处理系统中微生物种群的优化调控”和“高效厌氧和好氧生物反应器研制与应用”，通过验收。承担该项目的中科院成都生物所在高效优良菌种选育及处理系统中微生物种群的优化调控项目的研究过程中，筛选出了多株高效功能菌，对主要菌株进行了降解机制与应用方法的研究，     

报废发射药降解菌种选育及降解特性

通过驯化富集培养,从长期受发射药污染的土壤中分离筛选出能以发射药为唯一碳源并具有较高降解能力的微生物混合菌群,混合菌群对发射药样品COD去除率最高可达75.6%。经进一步分离纯化,获得了5株优势菌。实验表明混合菌群的降解能力优于各单一菌种,应以混合菌群为目标菌种。混合菌群最佳降解温度为30～35℃,最佳pH值为7.0。...     

Response of the grain yield and quality of hybrid rice to weak light stress北大核心CSCD

In this study, three rice varieties, Byou268 (low light-sensitive type), Nei5you768 (intermediate type), and Yixiangyou1108 (low light-tolerant), were used as experimental materials to investigate the yield and quality responses of different rice varieties to low light stress under normal light (CK) and low light (SH). The results showed the following: (1) Compared with normal light, the decrease in Yixiangyou1108’s 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light treatment were much lower than those of Nei5you768 and Byou268. The yield decline of Yixiangyou1108 (46.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (56.5%) and Byou268 (69.8%). Yixiangyou1108 showed strong tolerance to low light stress in terms of 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, and yield. (2) Compared with normal light, the reduction in grain length and width of Yixiangyou1108 under low-light treatment was significantly greater than that of Byou268; however, the reduction in the length-width ratio did not reach a significant level. The amylose content and gel consistency of the rice were significantly reduced. The reduction in amylose content of Yixiangyou1108 (24.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (28.1%) and Byou268 (30.6%); however, the decrease in gel consistency of Yixiangyou1108 (14.7%) was significantly higher than that of Nei5you768 (9.8%) and Byou268 (8.1%). After low light treatment, the characteristic values of the RVA curve of rice changed. The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of Yixiangyou1108, Nei5you768, and Byou268 were significantly decreased, but the cold glue viscosity and setback viscosity were significantly increased, while there was no significant difference in the peak time and peak temperature. The response of 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light stress can be used as a yield index of rice breeding with low light tolerance; rice grain type, amylose, and gel consistency; and peak viscosity and hot paset viscosity in RVA characteristic values can be used as quality indexes of low-light-tolerant rice material breeding. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

成都麻羊保种选育实施方案的探讨

本文介绍了成都麻羊品种特征、体型结构、生产性能及其产区概况，讨论了保种选育的方向、指标和种群建设规模；提出了规划保种区、建立良种繁育体系、组建保种核心群、严格选种选配、科学饲养、合理培育、健全卫生防疫制度等配套技术措施，以及强化管理、加强协作、扶持发展专业户、搞好技术培训、合理利用等组织措施。     

油田采出水微生物处理菌株选育及特性研究

为解决油田采出水微生物处理菌株的应用局限,通过He-Ne激光和紫外线复合诱变,选育出能够在油田采出水中快速生长,并有效降解油田采出水主要危害成分的5种优势菌株。经形态学和生理生化鉴定,这5株菌分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)、多食鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium multivorum)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和解脂假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)。经检验,所筛选的菌株均能降解石油烃类以及聚丙烯酰胺类物质,并对高碱、高温环境有一定耐受性,可将其直接应用于油田采出水的处理。     

微波诱变选育耐酸高效厌氧产氢菌

为获得厌氧产氢菌的高效突变株,以产氢菌H-8为原始菌株进行微波诱变处理,对微波诱变参数进行了优化,考察了突变株的遗传稳定性、产氢特性及耐酸性.经过微波(低火)物理诱变得到5株高产氢突变株HW7、HW33、HW181、HW184和HW195,多次传代实验表明, HW195是稳定的高产突变株.突变株HW195具有较好的耐酸性,在pH值为2.8时仍能生长.通过间歇发酵实验,其最大产氢量和最大产氢速率分别达到2 460 mL/L培养基和340 mL L-1 h-1,比原始菌分别提高了50.7%和41.7%.图7表2参13