珍珠岩对蚯蚓同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的研究

本研究利用太平二号蚯蚓构建生物反应器,以污水处理厂脱水污泥和粉绿狐尾藻作为研究对象,探究添加不同比例的珍珠岩对蚯蚓动物反应器处理混合物的减量化、无害化和资源化效果.结果表明,添加珍珠岩能够显著提高蚯蚓动物反应器同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的效率,经反应器处理后,混合物减量化效果明显,处理后产物的pH、有机质、碱解氮和重金属含量(Cu、Pb、Cr)均表现为明显下降,电导率(EC)和速效磷显著上升.经反应器处理后,产物品质符合在pH6.5的中性和碱性土壤上的施用标准.结果显示,当珍珠岩添加比例为4%时,对动物反应器的实用性和经济性效果最佳.     

什么是食品污染?

定义食品污染是指食品及其原材料在生产和加工过程中,因农药、废水、污水、各种食品添加剂及病虫害和家畜疫病所引起的污染,以及霉菌毒素引起的食品霉变,运输、包装材料中有毒物质和多氯联苯、苯并芘所造成的污染的总称。     

非转基因麦片和社会媒体的影响

ENN环境新闻网新闻2014年1月4日 在消费者的巨大压力下,美国通用磨坊食品公司宣布：该公司生产的早餐燕麦片产品Cheerios的原味麦片将不再含有转基因食品的成分。并准备投入几百万美元,     

ENN精粹

<正>回收圣诞树ENN环境新闻网新闻2013年12月29日每年的最后一个月,甚至从11月感恩节开始以来,一个多月的时间里,你家的圣诞树都成了家庭庆祝节日的核心。但是随着1月1日的到来,人们又开始想着如何处理掉圣诞树。如果你像数百万人那样选择的是一棵真正的树木加工而成的圣诞树,那么对于这棵圣诞树的回收利用就会考虑得更多。毕竟直接扔到垃圾桶中是一种让人沮丧的浪费,尤其当还有那么多种回收利用的方式时。     

湿热预处理对餐厨废弃物厌氧产氢发酵类型的影响

通过批试验分析湿热预处理前后餐厨废弃物CODs(溶解性化学需氧量)、CODt(总化学需氧量)、粗蛋白浓度、碳氮比(C/N)等指标及代谢产物的变化,研究湿热预处理对餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵类型和产氢效能的影响。采用Gompertz动力学模型分析经湿热预处理后厌氧发酵系统启动速度、累积产氢量、产氢速率的变化。结果表明,餐厨废弃物经150℃湿热预处理30 min后,可浮油脱出量高达97.5 mL/kg,CODs和C/N变化显著;VFAs(挥发性有机酸)和乙醇浓度分析表明,湿热预处理可使餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵产氢的产酸类型从丙酸型发酵转变为丁酸型发酵。在微生物的作用下,湿热预处理时间为30 min时,经90℃处理后餐厨废弃物中的丁酸等VFAs进一步降解转化为乙酸、CO2和H2,比产氢量最高为242.1 mL/g(以VSS计)。湿热预处理可以改变餐厨废弃物中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的理化性质,影响其厌氧发酵产氢产酸类型,达到改善餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵产氢效能的目的。     

环球

福岛第一核电站将再产生大量放射性废弃物 4月7日,东京电力公司宣布,由于福岛第一核电站要进行反应堆报废作业,在2027年前,将新产生包括高放射性瓦砾在内的约56万立方米废弃物,其中16万立方米需要新设保管设施。福岛第一核电站院内现在已经保存了30多万立方米的瓦砾和砍伐的树木等,这些废弃物都是福岛第一核电站发生事故时产生的。由于东京电力公司预定在2020年开始取出反应堆内熔毁的燃料,所以需要清除反应堆所在建筑上部残留的高放射性瓦砾,导致废弃物继续增加。     

Bioavailability and tissue distribution of Dechloranes in wild frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an e-waste recycling area in Southeast China

Dechlorane Plus(DP), a flame retardant used as an alternative to decabromodiphenylether, has been frequently detected in organisms, indicating its bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in aquatic and terrestrial species. However, little data is available on the bioaccumulation of DP in amphibians. Dechlorane Plus and its analogs(DPs) were detected in the liver, muscle and brain tissues of wild frogs(Rana limnocharis), which were collected from an e-waste recycling site, Southeast China. DP, Mirex, Dec 602 and a dechlorinated compound of DP(anti-Cl11-DP) varied in the range of 2.01–291, 0.650–179, 0.260–12.4, and not detected(nd)–8.67 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. No difference of tissue distribution was found for syn-DP, Mirex and Dec 602 between the liver and muscle tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio close to 1, p 0.05). However, higher retention was observed for anti-DP and anti-Cl11-DP in the frog muscle relative to the liver tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio 1, p 0.05). Additionally, the blood-brain barrier was found to work efficiently to suppress these compounds entering brain tissues in this species(liver/brain concentration ratio 1, p 0.05), and the molecular weight was a key factor impacting the extent of the blood-brain barrier. Compared to levels in the muscle and brain tissue, a preferential enrichment of syn-DP was observed in the liver tissue, suggesting the occurrence of stereo-selective bioaccumulation in the wild frog.     

UASB反应器处理高浓度食品发酵废水启动特性研究

使用UASB反应器处理高浓度食品发酵废水,研究了中温条件下反应器的启动、污泥颗粒化及废水处理效果。研究表明:采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥,以增加进水浓度的方式提高负荷,运行92 d后,反应器启动成功。当进水COD约为8500 mg/L,COD容积负荷为2.8 kg/(m3·d)时,COD去除率接近80%;启动结束时,反应器内VSS达到26.33 g/L,VSS/TSS为0.78;粒径>0.5 mm的颗粒污泥的比例增加到83.3%,粒径>0.5 mm污泥的平均沉降速率为56.17~86.45m/h;污泥产气量达到157 mL。     

Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw

The microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor（ITPAR）were investigated by 16 S r DNA clone library technology. The 75 L reactor was designed with a 25 L rotating acidogenic unit at the top and a 50 L conventional upflow methanogenic unit at the bottom, with a recirculation connected to the two units. The reactor had been operated for 21 stages to co-digest fruit/vegetable wastes and wheat straw, which showed a very good biogas production and decomposition of cellulosic materials. The results showed that many kinds of cellulose and glycan decomposition bacteria related with Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Syntrophobacterales were dominated in the reactor, with more bacteria community diversities in the acidogenic unit. The methanogens were mostly related with Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium; the predominating genus Methanosaeta, accounting for 40.5%, 54.2%, 73.6% and 78.7% in four samples from top to bottom, indicated a major methanogenesis pathway by acetoclastic methanogenesis in the methanogenic unit. The beta diversity indexes illustrated a more similar distribution of bacterial communities than that of methanogens between acidogenic unit and methanogenic unit. The differentiation of methanogenic community composition in two phases, as well as pH values and volatile fatty acid（VFA） concentrations confirmed the phase separation of the ITPAR. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the special designing of ITPAR maintained a sufficient number of methanogens, more diverse communities and stronger syntrophic associations among microorganisms, which made two phase anaerobic digestion of cellulosic materials more efficient.     

发展朝阳产业 建设美丽中国

供销合作总社十几位离退休老同志赴苏南中国再生资源开发有限公司示范基地参观,先后参观了苏州中再生公司废旧物资收购中心、泰州中再生废金属加工基地、常州中再生公司废塑料加工基地。通过实地考察,亲身感受到中国再生资源开发有限公司在再生资源行业发展中取得的巨大成就,并将这一感受整理成文,以飨读者。