炭膜曝气生物膜反应器处理生活污水运行特性研究

采用煤基炭膜作为膜曝气生物膜反应器膜组件处理生活污水,考察了炭膜的传氧性能、对微生物的吸附性能以及该膜生物膜反应器的挂膜启动过程,并从膜内气压、碳氮比、水力停留时间等3个方面研究了试验运行的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,炭膜和其它中空纤维膜相比具有较高的微生物吸附能力,反应器在8 d内即可完成挂膜启动.炭膜本身的传氧系数为0.36 m/h,其作为生物膜载体和供氧装置在技术上是可行的.利用该炭膜曝气生物膜反应器处理生活污水,在膜内气压为0.025 MPa,碳氮比为5∶1,水力停留时间8 h 条件下,可使NH⁺₄-N去除率、反硝化效率和COD去除率分别达95%、92%和88%以上,出水水质指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级标准A标准.试验系统具有良好的稳定性,抗冲击负荷能力较强.     

Sludge granulation and e ciency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial e uent

Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator （GLSS） design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and upflow anaerobic sludge filter （UASF） reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age （from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor）. X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease （82%-69%） in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved （14%-20%） the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient.     

Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.     

吉林省COD排放环境学习曲线及减排潜力分析

基于2000-2009年吉林省9个市（州）COD排放量,对人均COD排放量和万元GDPCOD排放量的区域分布格局及其成因进行了定量分析;同时,基于2000-2009年COD排放量和人均GDP,建立了吉林省万元GDPCOD排放量随人均GDP变化的环境学习曲线,分析了2000-2009年COD排放环境负荷变化及减排潜力,对《吉林省国民经济和社会发展第十二五个五年规划纲要》确定的削减8．8％目标的可达性进行了预测。结果表明：在吉林省国民经济和社会发展指标条件下,目标值和预测值的误差小于2％,能够实现COD削减的约束性指标。     

新型复合絮凝剂去除生活污水中COD的效果研究

采用絮凝沉淀法处理生活污水中的COD,考察了复合絮凝剂APAC中铝与凹凸棒质量配比、盐基度、污水pH值及复合絮凝剂投加量对除COD效果的影响。实验结果表明:将盐基度为80%的APAC絮凝剂配成2g/L的液体,在m(铝):m(凹凸棒)为2:1、投加量为8 mL~10 mL、污水pH值为4~12的优化条件下,对实际生活污水中COD的去除率高于60%,出水中COD含量低于140 mg/L。同时比较了在相同试验条件下复合絮凝剂与PAC絮凝剂对实际污水的去除COD效果,结果表明,APAC的净水效果明显优于PAC。     

关于高氯废水COD分析的多种方法的比对

本实验采用氯气校正法和低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法来分别测定高氯废水的COD值,两种方法主要针对氯离子浓度小于8000mg／l,COD值小于110mg／l的水样进行分析。试验结果表明：采用氯气校正法虽然可行,但是实验装置复杂,可控性差,数据结果精密度差,准确度不高;采用低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法进行高氯废水的coD测定,结果较为准确,且操作同国家标准法（GB11914—89）基本一致,操作过程简单可行,实用价值高。     

应用物化法检测废水COD组分SI的研究

溶解性不可生物降解COD(S1)是活性污泥数学模型应用中的关键组分.通过一系列实验验证了应用物理化学的方法检测SI的可行性,并采用该方法对武汉市某大型污水处理厂的SI进行了检测.     

基于基尼系数的化学需氧量排放公平性评估

文章以重庆市各区县2009年化学需氧量排放量为依据,采用资源环境基尼系数法对重庆市各区县化学需氧量排放状况相对于GDP、人口数、水资源量等自然、社会和经济等指标的公平性进行评估,结果表明:基于人口数和基于GDP的环境基尼系数均低于0.4,化学需氧量排放量的区县分配较为公平地反映了各区县人口数、GDP的分布和差异;基于水资源量的基尼系数达到0.738,远高于0.4,化学需氧量排放量的区县分配基本没有反映各区县水资源量的大小;2009年重庆市COD排放环境基尼系数均值为0.436 7,高于0.4,显示其区县分布有失环境公平性。因此,在制定重庆市"十二五"主要污染物总量减排各区县分配计划时,应充分考虑各区县水资源量的大小,制定较为公平的总量分配计划。     

物化法处理生活垃圾渗滤液新进展

概述了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究现状和最新进展,并展望了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究方向。     

基于指标体系和层次分析法的洱海流域水环境承载力动态研究

为了定量分析人口增长、经济发展、资源短缺和环境污染等因素对流域水环境的综合影响,根据水环境承载力概念模型并结合洱海流域水环境现状,建立了水环境承载力多目标优化模型.同时,选取人口、灌溉面积、国民生产总值(GDP)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)作为水资源和水质量承载力指标,并运用层次分析法(AHP)确...