芬顿法污泥脱水预处理技术研究进展

简述了我国污泥处理处置现状和污泥减量化的重要性。污泥的常规处理方式包括浓缩、稳定、调理和脱水。影响污泥脱水性能的四个因素:阳离子、EPS、表面电荷和粒径。围绕胞外聚合物(EPS)的去除简述了Fenton调理技术的机理和目前该技术的改进和发展状况,并进行展望。     

Biosorption of Cu (II) ions by indigenous copper-resistant bacteria isolated from polluted coastal environment

The concentrations of copper in water and sediment samples of Cuddalore coastal area, Tamil Nadu, India were examined. The isolation, characterization, screening, and metal sorption capabilities of copper-resistant bacteria (CURB) also were investigated. Biosorption capabilities and growth time varied among the resistant isolates. All isolates reduced more than 80% of copper from copper-treated broth. However, Bacillus cereus CURB-4 strain absorbed more copper ions (99.9%) than other resistant isolates. Changes in structural group position and synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of CURB-4 strain under copper stress and controlled conditions also were examined. Under copper stress condition, CURB-4 produced more EPS (71 ± 0.6%) compared to control conditions (66 ± 0.4%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the changes in functional group position of EPS were observed in stressed condition. Overall, synthesis of EPS in bacteria is a protective barrier against environmental stress.     

Effect of Mn2+ on the phosphorus removal and bioflocculation under anoxic condition

Manganese ion (Mn²⁺) generated from metallurgical, steel making and chemical industries enters sewage treatment plants and affects the sludge activity and flocculation. The effect of Mn²⁺ on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) and sludge activity were investigated in anoxic zone of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A²O) process. The compositions and structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal the relationship among Mn²⁺, EPS and sludge flocculation.The results showed that low concentration of Mn²⁺ (<5 mg/L) improved removal efficiencies of COD and TP and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn²⁺ increased total EPS, sludge contact angle, Zeta potential and sludge particle size, and thus enhanced sludge flocculation. However, high concentration of Mn²⁺ (>10 mg/L) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced removal efficiencies of the pollutants. When Mn²⁺was 5 mg/L, removal efficiencies of COD and TP reached 65% and 90%, respectively. Sludge flocculation was the best and SVI was 70.56 mL/g. The changes of Mn²⁺ concentration caused deviation of groups’ compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). The addition of Mn²⁺ resulted in the degradation of humic acids. However, it did not give rise to significant morphology changes of EPS.     

Mn2+促进载体挂膜的机理研究

通过向自制固定床生物膜反应器(FBBR)中投加氯化锰,考察了Mn~(2+)对生物膜量、形态结构、降解性能及其胞外聚合物(EPS)组分的影响,并探究了Mn~(2+)在生物膜形成中的作用、影响规律及其对生物膜反应器运行效能的影响.结果表明,投加Mn~(2+)有助于生物膜形成,增强生物膜致密性,并促进生物膜生长;在生物膜成熟期连续投加10 mg·L~(-1)Mn~(2+)对一个周期内生物膜的降解活性影响很小,反应器COD和NH_4~+去除率分别达到85.4%±1.5%和76.3%±1.9%;生物膜不同类型EPS含量的变化表明,Mn~(2+)不仅加速了生物膜的成熟和增强了生物膜去除有机物的稳定性,而且还会刺激生物膜分泌产生更多的紧密粘附型EPS,其中的蛋白质和多糖能够保护微生物免受Mn~(2+)伤害.     

ZnO纳米颗粒对SBR活性污泥活性的影响

建立了模拟的SBR反应器,并研究了ZnO纳米颗粒(ZnO-NPs)对SBR活性污泥活性的影响.结果表明低浓度(10mg/L)ZnO-NPs对活性污泥活性无明显抑制作用.较高浓度下,ZnO-NPs对活性污泥沉降性能?呼吸速率?EPS和SMP产量及其组成?有机物降解效率等具有明显影响.20,50,100mg/L ZnO-NPs使COD去除率分别降低8.1%, 19.5%和27.7%,使污泥沉降性能分别降低24.2%,35.0%和36.0%,使MLVSS/MLSS比值分别降低8.0%,14.7%和21%,使活性污泥呼吸速率抑制率达到54.0%, 79.0%和80.3%;使EPS产量分别降低29.0%,49.9%和65.4%,使SMP产量分别升高48.9%,102.6%和203.0%.研究表明,较高浓度ZnO-NPs能够抑制污泥代谢,降低活性污泥生物量,显著抑制活性污泥活性.     

处理番茄酱加工废水的活性污泥颗粒化过程

为解决新疆番茄酱加工废水排放量大、处理效果参差不齐的情况,在SBR（序批式反应器）中接种絮体污泥,以人工合成番茄酱加工废水为基质成功培养出粒径为0.50~1.61 mm的好氧颗粒污泥,并采用扫描电镜、三维荧光光谱（3D EEM）、激光共聚焦（CLSM）、死活细菌染色以及高通量测序等技术表征活性污泥的颗粒化过程.结果表明,颗粒污泥沉降性能良好,COD_Cr、NH₄+-N、PO₄3--P的平均去除率分别为90%、85%、45%.扫描电镜下,椭球状的颗粒污泥轮廓清晰,结构密实.蛋白质在颗粒化过程中逐渐增加,α-多糖、β-多糖和蛋白质贯穿整个颗粒截面,在颗粒中分布广泛,构成了颗粒的骨架.颗粒内部的孔隙为溶解氧和营养物质传递提供了条件,因此活细菌则更多地靠近颗粒边缘及内部的孔隙周围,并包裹着死细菌.颗粒化过程中,微生物的丰富度和均匀性逐渐上升,物种多样性也不断变化,Chao1指数先由515.26降至444.30后又增至526.72,Shannon-Wiener指数由2.81增至5.45.优势降解菌拟杆菌和变形菌相对丰度不断发生变化,拟杆菌由8.85%增至45.95%,而变形菌由78.17%逐渐减至36.66%.研究显示,不同的细菌种群之间的相互作用对有机物的降解以及反应体系的稳定起到重要的作用.      

针对硝化菌抗盐机理的研究

为研究盐度对硝化菌的影响,以及硝化菌对盐度的抵抗机理,以模拟皮革废水为处理对象,考察了硝化菌硝化作用过程中的脱氮效率,脱氮数率,pH值,溶解氧,以及硝化菌胞外聚合物的含量与成分变化。结果表明在盐度逐步提高的情况下,出水氨氮从几乎检测不出升高到80 mg/L左右,硝化菌脱氮效率下降明显,并且有一定的规律性。pH值先降后升,溶解氧随着时间推移逐渐升高,但是随着盐度提高规律性越来越不明显。硝化菌所产生的胞外聚合物随着盐度提高,胞外聚合物总量有所提高,其主要成分含量发生变化,即多糖所占比例从35.2%升高到63.6%,蛋白质所占比例从58.8%减少到30.9%,从而影响活性污泥的絮凝性,从机理方面来解释盐度对硝化菌硝化作用的影响。     

浸矿微生物胞外聚合物研究进展

浸矿微生物的胞外聚合物因其在细菌和矿物界面之间的重要作用而成为生物湿法冶金研究的热点。目前,浸矿微生物EPS研究集中在不同营养条件下的EPS组分分析、EPS合成途径和EPS对硫化矿物的生物作用过程等方面。详细归纳并总结了浸矿微生物胞外聚合物研究的最新进展,并指出未来的发展方向。     

中试SBR长期运行中粘性膨胀现象及原因分析

通过对SBR中型试验系统长期(200d)处理实际生活污水过程中的污泥膨胀现象进行考察,研究了温度、污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、污泥负荷及DO浓度与污泥膨胀现象之间的内在联系.试验结果表明,系统污泥膨胀属于粘性膨胀,是一种在低温(16℃以下)条件下容易发生的污泥膨胀现象,且这种膨胀会导致污泥流失并致使系统混合液污泥浓度(MLSS)逐渐降低至1200mg·L-1.粘性膨胀污泥分泌的EPS水平超过正常污泥,即使在正常DO浓度(2.0mg·L-1)和常温(20℃)条件下,粘性膨胀污泥也较难通过人为控制恢复到正常状态.最后,分析得出粘性膨胀的原因主要是温度突变,并提出相应的预防措施.     

Ca2+对污泥硝化活性和絮凝沉降性能的影响

Ca~(2+)是微生物重要的生长因子,影响污泥的活性和絮凝沉降性能.为了研究Ca~(2+)在活性污泥体系中的作用,采用比耗氧速率(SOURAOB和SOURNOB)分析硝化菌和亚硝化菌活性的变化,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和三维荧光光谱(three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy,3D-EEM)分析胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)组分和结构的变化,考察Ca~(2+)对污泥硝化活性和代谢产物的影响.结果表明,当Ca~(2+)浓度由0. 45 mmol·L-1逐渐提高至3 mmol·L-1时,SOURAOB和SOURNOB分别由6. 3 mg·(g·h)-1和2. 3 mg·(g·h)-1升高至10. 4 mg·(g·h)-1和3. 7 mg·(g·h)-1,EPS总量由68 mg·g-1增加至93 mg·g-1,污泥重絮凝能力(FA)增强.当Ca~(2+) 3mmol·L-1时,SOURAOB和SOURNOB均下降,FA维持在30%左右,污泥粒径持续增大.随着Ca~(2+)浓度的增加,由FTIR分析可知,LB-EPS和TB-EPS的主要组成基团均未发生明显变化,以氨基、酰胺Ⅰ和羧基为主;由EEM分析可知,LB-EPS组成未发生变化,在低硝化速率下,TB-EPS中存在腐殖酸类物质.低浓度的Ca~(2+)促进污泥硝化活性和絮凝性,高浓度的Ca~(2+)导致污泥硝化活性降低.