NO70燃烧系统在燃煤锅炉脱硝中的应用

介绍了NO70燃烧系统的特点以及计算机流体力学模拟原理。分析了使用NO70燃烧系统技术对旺隆电厂的2×100MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉进行改造,有效降低氮氧化物排放量并提高机组效率的案例。     

Toxicological effects involved in risk assessment of rare earth lanthanum on roots of Vicia faba L. seedlings

Combined chemical analyses and biological measurements were utilized to investigate potential toxicological effects and possible mechanisms involved in risk assessment of rare earth elements (REEs) on Vicia faba L. seedlings, which were hydroponically cultivated and exposed to various concentrations of lanthanum (La) for 15 days. The results showed that La contents in both the solution and roots increased with the increase of extraneous La, contributing to hormetic dose responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and endoprotease (EP) isozymes activities, and HSP 70 production enhanced at low doses but suppressed at higher doses of La. These physiological responses constituted antioxidant and detoxification systems against La-induced oxidative stress. The elevated La levels also contributed to oxidatively modified proteins, which were most responsible for subsequent cell death and growth retardation of the roots. By combination of hormetic and traditional threshold dose levels, the threshold dose range was deduced to be 108-195 μg La/g dry weight in the roots, corresponding to 0.90-3.12 mg/L of soluble La in the culture solution. It suggests that persistent applications of REEs may lead to potential ecological risk in the environment.     

大阅兵期间北京市大气质量改善效果评估

为了评估抗战纪念活动期间污染物减排措施对北京市空气质量的影响,利用2015年8月1日~2015年9月18日北京市大气污染物浓度数据,以及2014年同期监测数据进行对比分析.结果表明：减排期间（2015年8月20日~2015年9月3日）北京市PM_2.5,SO₂,NO₂和CO浓度均值为17.05mg/m³,2.35mg/m³,21.04mg/m³和0.56mg/m³,对比减排前期,各污染物分别下降了71.26%,36.49%,37.92%和37.78%,减排后期,随着减排措施的取消,大气污染物反弹上升.与2014年同期相比,减排期间污染物浓度分别下降了73.59%,56.64%,52.39%和38.46%,大气质量改善效果显著.3个时段（减排期间,活动当天和2014年同期）污染物浓度日变化特征相似,整体上呈现2014年同期>减排期间>活动当天的特征.空间分布上,各站点污染物浓度均远低于2014年同期水平,其中PM_2.5降幅大且空间差异较小,SO₂在空间上差异最为明显,不同站点的PM_2.5降幅在68.91%~77.63%之间,SO₂降幅在7.43%~74.75%之间,NO₂降幅在34.60%~72.28%之间,CO降幅在24.98%~63.73%之间.减排期间北京市PM_2.5,SO₂,NO₂和CO浓度分别比周边城市均值低24.66%,81.00%,27.30%和36.36%,也从另一方面反映出减排措施的明显效果.     

真鲷去毒相关基因cDNA序列的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

赤潮发生时产生的一些海洋生物毒素对人类和海洋动物的安全形成潜在的威胁甚至导致死亡.为从分子水平探讨鱼类中海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理,采用RT-PCR法克隆了真鲷(Pagrus major)肝脏芳香烃受体核转位蛋白(ARNT)和I时相异生素代谢酶细胞色素P4501A(CYP1A)基因cDNA核心序列,同时,应用半定量RT-PCR方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内研究了芳香烃受体(AHR)、ARNT、CYP1A、II时相异生素代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA1、GSTA2)、rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因组成型表达水平.结果发现,真鲷ARNT、CYP1A基因cDNA核心序列片段分别长438bp和908bp,分别编码146和302个氨基酸.序列同源性分析发现,真鲷与门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、石首鱼(Micropogon undulatus)ARNT基因氨基酸序列同源性高达97.2%、95.2%,与斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、人、大鼠、小鼠ARNT同源性较低(77.2%～79.3%).真鲷与门齿鲷、金头鲷(Sparus auratus)、欧洲川鲽(Rhombus maximus)、欧洲海鲈(Dicentrachus labrax)CYP1A基因氨基酸序列同源性较高,为84.8%～94.0%,与斑马鱼、人、小鼠CYP1A同源性较低,为59.6%～77.8%.真鲷肝脏AHR、ARNT、CYP1A、GSTA1、GSTA2、GSTR和HSP70基因组成型表达水平分别为(25.32±6.56)%、(26.22±4.24)%、(146.5±16.06)%、(55.42±3.75)%、(48.82±10.89)%、(79.47±3.13)%、(107.42±14.34)%.     

诺氟沙星对海月水母螅状体Hsp70基因、GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因表达的影响

诺氟沙星(norfloxacin,NFLX)广泛应用于水产养殖中的鱼类细菌性疾病治疗。为探讨诺氟沙星对海洋生物的毒性作用,选择海月水母螅状体为受试生物,考察了不同浓度诺氟沙星和不同暴露时间对GTP结合蛋白(GTP binding protein)、氧化应激蛋白(oxidative stress protein)和热休克70 k Da蛋白(heat shock 70 k Da protein,Hsp70)表达量的影响。结果表明,NFLX对海月水母螅状体的48 h的半致死浓度(48 h-LC_(50))是415.1 mg·L~(-1),NFLX对海月水母螅状体的毒性属于低毒。随着NFLX浓度的升高和培养时间的延长,Hsp70基因在第7天浓度300 mg·L~(-1)时表达量受到显著性诱导(P0.05),较对照组升高9.1倍;GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因的表达量都呈现先急剧升高后降低的趋势。2个基因均在第1天受到显著性诱导(P0.05),分别在NFLX浓度100 mg·L~(-1)和300 mg·L~(-1)时表达量达到最大值,较对照组升高10.15倍和50.5倍。Hsp70基因、GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因在实验期间都对NFLX表现出较好的响应。     

亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对中华绒螯蟹幼体相关免疫指标和应激蛋白(HSP70)表达的影响

为探讨亚硝酸盐急性胁迫对中华绒螯蟹机体免疫力的影响,以及机体在胁迫过程中的应对策略,分别测定了幼蟹(平均体重3.25 g)在10、20、30、40 mg L-1亚硝酸盐暴露组和对照组中血细胞总数(Total hemocyte counts,THC)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、丙二醛(Malodiadehyde,MDA)含量以及热休克蛋白70(Heatstress protein 70,HSP70)表达量在受胁迫2 d内的动态变化.结果表明:1)低浓度亚硝酸盐(10 mg L-1)胁迫组THC在胁迫3 h时显著高于对照组,肝胰腺中SOD活性在胁迫3 h和6 h时亦显著提高,表现出一定的"毒物兴奋效应".2)但随着暴露时间的延长和亚硝酸盐浓度的升高,幼蟹THC减少,肝胰腺SOD活性下降,而MDA含量升高.3)对照组中有少量的HSP70表达.幼蟹经10、20 mg L-1亚硝酸盐处理后,鳃组织中HSP70表达量在胁迫6 h后达到最大,而经30、40 mg L-1亚硝酸盐处理后,HSP70表达量在胁迫3 h后达到最大.各浓度组所诱导的HSP70最大表达量与水中亚硝酸盐的浓度呈正相关.以上结果说明亚硝酸盐胁迫可通过加剧组织中脂质过氧化的方式导致机体免疫力下降,肝胰腺中MDA的含量变化可作为亚硝酸盐胁迫的有效评价指标之一,而HSP70表达量的变化可作为早期预警指标应用于亚硝酸盐胁迫评价中.图2表1参36     

Use of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes philippinarum as sentinel organisms for the development of a biosurveillance program in the Pialassa Baiona coastal lagoon (Ravenna, Italy)

The Pialassa Baiona is an intertidal lagoon located north from the town of Ravenna (Italy). It shows a certain degree of contamination caused by past uncontrolled discharges, and we aim at developing a bioassessment program to be used for future monitoring and conservation plans. A battery of six biomarkers (lysosome membrane stability, lipofuscin and neutral lipid accumulation, hsp70 expression, metallothionein levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity) was investigated in Mytilus galloprovincialis transplanted for 30 days in different sites. Tapes philippinarum are widely distributed within the lagoon, and we explored the possibility to use resident clams for future biosurveillance programs. Adenylyl cyclase (ACase) activity was also assessed in tissues of both bivalves as a future possible biomarker. Taken together, our results indicate that mussels are suitable sentinel organisms also within such a peculiar environment; alteration of four biomarkers was observed in tissues of mussels transplanted in two sites out of the five analyzed, indicating their low water quality. T. philippinarum showed a barely detectable AChE activity and absence of neutral lipids in digestive glands, therefore appeared unsuitable for our purpose, at least using the selected battery of biomarkers. ACase activity was not different among animals collected from the different sites.     

Protective effects of Manasamitra vatakam on aluminum-induced nephrotoxicity,oxidative stress,and histological damage

The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective and antioxidant property of Manasamitra vatakam (MMV) against aluminum (Al)-induced toxicity in rats. The kidney function marker parameters such as serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine were significantly increased in Al-treated rats as compared with controls. Similarly, the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Mg-ATPase, reduced glutathione were also found significantly increased in Al-treated rats. A significantly decreased level of these parameters was observed in the MMV (orally 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight)-treated group along with a reduced level of malonaldehyde, molecular chaperones of an antioxidative stress protein, and mRNA expression of HSP70. The biochemical observations were also supported by histopathological observations. Thus, this study supports the nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of MMV.     

褐菖鲇肝HSC70基因的环介导等温扩增技术的建立及在石油污染剂量效应研究中的应用

从褐菖鲉肝脏中克隆了热休克蛋白HSC70基因,利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)建立HSC70基因的定量检测方法.为检测该方法的可行性,将褐菖鲉分别暴露于石油水溶性成分(water-soluble fraction,WSF) 20、60、180 μg·L-11d后,利用real-time PCR及LAMP技术同时测定褐菖鲉肝HSC70 mRNA表达量,两种方法测定结果基本一致,证实LAMP技术可用于褐菖鲉肝HSC70基因的定量.为更细致了解石油WSF影响褐菖鲉肝脏HSC70基因表达的剂量-效应关系,将褐菖鲉分别暴露于25、50、75、100、125、150、175 μg·L-1 WSF中,5d后采样,用LAMP技术定量检测HSC70 mRNA.结果表明,HSC70 mRNA表达量在50 μg· L-1浓度组即被显著诱导,在75μg·L-1浓度下达到最大值,这说明褐菖鲉肝HSC70基因对石油污染较敏感,有潜力作为海洋石油污染的生物标志物.     

胚胎期草甘膦铵盐暴露对中华鳖幼体的表型与生理表现的影响

草甘膦是全球范围内生产与使用量最大的除草剂。虽然草甘膦制剂被分于低毒等级,但是许多研究显示其对动物的生理、行为表达具有广泛的干扰作用。本研究将中华鳖胚胎暴露于不同浓度的草甘膦铵盐溶液以评估草甘膦除草剂对其胚胎发育及孵出幼体表型及生理表现的影响。结果显示:一定浓度范围(5～5 000 mg·L~(-1))内,草甘膦铵盐对中华鳖胚胎发育速率、孵出幼体大小、游泳能力、肝脏甘油三酯含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量以及热激蛋白70 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响。结果表明:一定浓度范围草甘膦除草剂暴露对中华鳖胚胎发育的影响较小,不改变孵出幼体的表型及其生理表现。