城区大气和塑料大棚空气中酞酸酯的分析

本文报道了济南市大气飘尘和塑料蔬菜大棚空气中酞酸酯的污染情况，探讨了大气飘尘中酞酸酯随季节变化和昼夜更替的变化情况。     

A model of rainfall redistribution in terraced sandy grassland landscapes

A simple model of rainfall redistribution within a terraced sandy grassland landscape has been developed. The model assumes that rainfall redistribution is driven by rainfall impulses and is controlled by characteristic field capacity of soils. When the rainfall intensity is large enough to render soil water content greater than its characteristic field capacity, the excessive soil water can drain very quickly by means of large amounts of non-capillary pores of sandy soils or by means of surface runoff. Exponential distribution of rainfall impulses was assumed and tested with measured daily rainfall at two meteorological stations in the sandy grassland area of north China. The model was solved to give the equivalent rainfall at each terrace in the landscape.     

氯化消毒副产物2,2,4-三氯-5-甲氧基-环戊-4-烯-1,3-二酮的合成及结构确认

以七氯丙烷为原料,合成了氯化消毒副产物--2,2,4-三氯-5-甲氧基-环戊-4-烯-1,3-二酮(TCMCD),总收率为13%,产品纯度在98%以上.通过质谱、核磁共振、红外光谱等对TCMCD进行表征,进一步确认了副产物的结构.     

The apportionment of quadratic entropy: a useful alternative for partitioning diversity in ecological data

Many methods that study the diversity within hierarchically structured populations have been developed in genetics. Among them, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) (Excoffier et al., 1992) has the advantage of including evolutionary distances between individuals. AMOVA is a special case of a far more general statistical scheme produced by Rao (1982a; 1986) and called the apportionment of quadratic entropy (APQE). It links diversity and dissimilarity and allows the decomposition of diversity according to a given hierarchy. We apply this framework to ecological data showing that APQE may be very useful for studying diversity at various spatial scales. Moreover, the quadratic entropy has a critical advantage over usual diversity indices because it takes into account differences between species. Finally, the differences that can be incorporated in APQE may be either taxonomic or functional (biological traits), which may be of critical interest for ecologists.     

附生假单胞菌存在下不同光照时间对铜绿微囊藻生长与磷代谢的影响

通过设置8/16、12/12、16/8不同光暗比,分析了附生细菌存在下不同光照时间对铜绿微囊藻(M icrocystis aeruginosa)生长及其与附生假单胞菌(Pseudom onassp.)磷代谢之间关系的影响。结果表明:光照时间越长,铜绿微囊藻生长越快,16 h光照下的比增长速率为8 h光照下的1.6倍。铜绿微囊藻的快速生长促进了附生细菌中磷的释放;藻细胞增殖越快,附生细菌释放的磷越多。铜绿微囊藻对数生长期末,8、12、16 h光照下附生细菌磷含量分别降至对数生长初期的87.8%、78.6%和64.9%。铜绿微囊藻对附生细菌磷释放的促进作用是由藻细胞生长对磷的消耗再吸收导致的。     

介孔纳米TiO2的超声化学法合成及其表征

采用超声化学法制备介孔TiO2，并采用XRD，TEM，FT-IR等方法对样品进行了表征．结果表明，在超声波作用下，液相体系中能够一步合成锐钛矿相TiO2；添加有机模板剂并控制实验条件，则能直接合成具有介孔结构的锐钛矿相TiO2．超声化学法能更好地控制粒子的形貌和尺寸，所制备的TiO2晶型完整，孔径均匀，分散性好．     

应用化学清洗剂去除包气带石油污染物的实验研究

本文探讨了应用化学法清除包气带残油的技术，研究分两个方面，（１）分析包气带土壤与第四纪沉积物对石油烃类的吸附特征，（二）在对单种表面活性剂优选的基础上，确定了清洗效率较高的阴离子－非离子表面活性剂的混合配方，通过一次性淋洗和土柱淋洗实验，了解表面活性剂等清洗剂对油类物质的去除效率。     

过氧化氢酶活性及活性抑制的紫外分光光度测定

在体内实验条件下，测定了鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性。实验结果表明，过氧化氢酶的紫外分光光度法是可靠的，活性抑制结果表明，对－二硝基苯对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶无有明显的抑制作用。鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶可作为一项指标用于生态毒理学研究。     

微生物易利用基质对PCP厌氧降解的影响

本文主要研究了微生物易利用基质对厌氧反应器内ＰＣＰ厌氧降解性及处理效率的影响，结果表明，ＰＣＰ对厌氧污泥代谢葡萄糖有抑制作用，则适量的微重复铁利用基质有利于促进ＰＣＰ的脱氯和降解代谢，且随着反应器进水中水中ＰＣＰ的提高，达到相近降解效率所需的微生物易利用基质的需要量也相应增加；废水中ＰＣＰ剩余量和废水中糖的初始浓度呈显著负相关。     

不同农业利用方式下湘南第四纪红壤的粘粒矿物学组成与表面电荷特性

用X-射线衍射分析技术和化学方法研究不同农业利用方式对湘南第四纪红粘土及其发育土壤的粘粒矿物学组成和表面电荷特性的影响．结果表明：湘南第四纪红壤的粘粒矿物组成以高岭石为主，其次是1．4nm过渡矿物．经过人为耕种尤其在水田条件下，蛭石和水云母的含量增加，铁的活化度增大．土壤表面电荷数量（CECpH3.2、CECp、CECv、AEC）和电荷零点（pH）的值也发生相应的改变．